Black Muslims黑人穆斯林

Black Muslims is a widely used name for the adherents of an American black nationalist religious movement whose self designation changed in 1976 from "The Lost - Found Nation of Islam" to "The World Community of Islam in the West." The movement traces its beginnings to the enigmatic figure of Wallace D Fard (Wali Farad), known as "Prophet Fard," "The Great Mahdi" or "The Savior," who attracted 8,000 followers in the short period between his appearance in Detroit in 1930 and his disappearance in June 1934.黑人穆斯林，是一种广泛使用的名称为遗民一个美国黑人民族宗教运动的自我改变指定在1976年从"迷失-发现伊斯兰民族" 到 " 世界共同体伊斯兰教，在西部的"运动痕迹，它的开端该神秘人物的华莱士d fard （洼里法拉） ，被称为"先知fard " ， "伟大的马赫迪"或"救世主" ，他们吸引了8000名追随者在短期内与他的外貌，在底特律，在1930年和他的失踪1934年6月。 BELIEVE 相信 Religious 宗教 Information 资讯 Source 源 web-site 网址： Our List of 1,000 Religious Subjects 我们所列出的1000名宗教科目 The movement, with its present headquarters in Chicago, gained ground significantly under Fard's successor, Elijah Muhammad, who exercised strong leadership until his death in 1975.运动，以其目前的总部设在芝加哥，取得了显着的地面下fard的继任者， 以利亚穆罕默德，谁行使强有力的领导，直到他1975年去世。 He saw himself as the "prophet and apostle of Allah," claiming that God had appeared in the figure of Fard. Preaching an anti integrationist message, Elijah Muhammad frequently voiced warnings about "the human beast. . . the people or race known as the white." He called "every Black Man in America to be reunited with his own" and urged a sense of black self reliance and separation from the white society, even economically.他看到自称为"先知和使徒的真主" ，声称上帝已出现在数字fard 。 鼓吹反种族隔离的讯息，以利亚穆罕默德经常表示警告， "人兽… … 。市民或种族称之为白" ，他所谓的"每一个黑人男子在美国团聚，与他自己的" ，并敦促责任感黑色自力更生，脱离白人社会，即使是在经济上。 One of the best known Black Muslim ministers during this period was Malcolm X, converted while he was in prison in 1947, who broke with the movement in March 1964 and was assassinated 11 months later.其中最有名的黑人穆斯林部长，在此期间被马尔科姆X的转换，而他在狱中于1947年，他们打破了与该运动在1964年3月被暗杀， 11个月后。

The BELIEVE Religious Information Source web site is not connected with the organization described in this presentation.该相信宗教信息源网站，是不是与该组织形容，在这个发布会。 This happens to be ONE of the 1,000 religious subjects which are included in BELIEVE.这正好是其中的1000名宗教科目，其中包括在相信。 Our small Protestant Christian Church, which created and maintains the BELIEVE site, has no contact with the organization described here, so we cannot help in providing contacts or addresses.我们的小新教徒基督教教会，创造和保持相信网站，没有接触该组织形容这里，所以我们不能帮助提供接触或地址。 In addition, since BELIEVE does not "sell" anything, we cannot help in finding books, icons or souvenirs.此外，自认为没有"卖"什么，我们不能帮助寻找书籍，图示或纪念品。

A radically different phase began under Elijah Muhammad's son and successor, Warith Deen (or Wallace D) Muhammad. He called for a new sense of patriotism, urging blacks to "identify with the land and flag."一种根本不同的阶段，开始下利亚穆罕默德的儿子和继任者， warith迪恩（或华莱士四）穆罕默德，他呼吁建立一个新的意义上的爱国主义，敦促黑人，以"找出符合土地及国旗" 。 Advocating the "religious unification of the world's Muslims," WD Muhammad abandoned unorthodox notions and expressions that had presented obstacles for many other Muslims' recognition of this movement as being authentically Islamic.鼓吹"宗教的统一，世界的穆斯林， "万泰穆罕默德放弃正统观念和方式表述了障碍，对许多其他穆斯林们认识到这一运动作为真实伊斯兰。 In May 1985 he announced the dissolution of the American Muslim Mission to unify its members with the worldwide Muslim community.在1985年5月，他宣布解散了美国穆斯林的使命，以统一其成员与世界各地的穆斯林社区。

A splinter group led by Louis Farrakhan, however, retains the earlier separatist principles and the name "Nations of Islam." During the 1984 presidential campaign Farrakhan's racial comments stirred controversy.的一个分支组织领导的路易斯法拉坎，不过，保留了先前的分裂理念，并命名为"民族的伊斯兰教" ，在1984年总统竞选法拉坎的种族歧视评论激起了争论。 In subsequent years, he repeated anti-Semitic remarks at large rallies, but he did not inject himself into the 1988 presidential campaign.在随后的几年中，他多次反犹太言论，在大型集会，但他没有注入全身心地投入到对1988年总统竞选。

Willem A Bijlefeld威廉1 bijlefeld

Bibliography: 参考书目：
JR Howard, Becoming a Black Muslim: A Study of Commitment Processes in a Deviant Political Organization (1965); CE Lincoln, The Black Muslims in America (1973); LE Lomax, When the Word is Given: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and the Black Muslim World (1963); CE Marsh, From Black Muslims to Muslims: The Transition from Separatism to Islam, 1930 - 1980 (1984); E Muhammad, Message to the Blackman in America (1965).两人霍华德，成为一个黑色穆斯林：研究过程中的承诺，在一个离经叛道的政治组织（ 1965年） ;策林肯，黑人穆斯林在美国（ 1973年） ;乐洛马克斯，词时，是考虑到：有报道对以利亚穆罕默德，马尔科姆X ，和黑人穆斯林世界（ 1963 ） ;策马什说，从黑人穆斯林穆斯林：转变，从分裂到伊斯兰教， 1930年-1 980年（ 1 984年） ;电子穆罕默德，传话给b lackman在美国（ 1 965年） 。

This subject presentation in the original English language这一主题演讲，在原有的英语

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