The two books of Kings, labeled 1 - 2 Kings in the Hebrew and English versions of the Bible, but 3 - 4 Kings in the Greek and Latin, are so designated because of their contents.该两本书，国王，标示为1 -2国王在希伯来语和英语版本的圣经，但3 - 4国王在希腊和拉丁语，是如此指定的，因为其内容。 They follow and are a continuation of the books of Samuel (1 - 2 Kings in Greek and Latin) and narrate the history of Israel and Judah from Solomon's accession to the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile of Judah in 587 BC.他们跟随，并且是延续的书本，黄秉槐（ 1 -2国王在希腊和拉丁语系）和叙述的历史，以色列和犹大从所罗门的加入破坏耶路撒冷和流亡的犹大在公元前5 87。
The Books of Kings give a detailed account of Solomon's wisdom and wealth and the building of the Temple at Jerusalem.书籍国王给予详细交代所罗门的智慧和财富的建设和庙在耶路撒冷。 They also narrate the decline that began during his reign and culminated in the exile.他们还叙述下降，开始在他的统治，终于在流亡。 These books conclude the Deuteronomistic History, the name given to the books from Deuteronomy to Kings, all of which appear to have been compiled on the same principle.这些书籍的结束deuteronomistic的历史，名称，考虑到图书从申命记国王，所有这些似乎都被编译就同一原则。 The hand of the Deuteronomistic editor or editors is evident in the stereotyped evaluation of each king by the often anachronistic standards of the Deuteronomic law; the editor(s) also composed the greater part of Solomon's Temple dedication prayer, as well as the long explanation for the fall of Israel.手的deuteronomistic编辑器或编辑是显而易见的，在定型评价每一个国王所往往不合时宜标准的deuteronomic法;编辑器（ ）也组成大部份的所罗门圣殿的奉献祈祷，以及为长远的解释秋季以色列。 The compiler(s) did use earlier sources, however.编译器（ ）没有使用早期的来源，然而。
These include lost works called the Acts of Solomon, the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah, and the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel; some official lists; an account of the temple construction; and a summary of the official annals of both Israel and Judah.这些措施包括失去工程的所谓的行为，索罗门，方志的国王的犹大，和方志的国王，以色列，有些人正式名单中;交代庙建设;和总结了官方的史册以色列和犹大。 The compiler(s) also incorporated a number of early prophetic legends, including the Elijah - Elisha cycles.编译器（ ）也纳入了一些早期的预言传说，包括利亚-以利沙周期。 The original work dates from c.615 BC, but it was updated and reedited c.550 BC.原来工作的日期从c.615卑诗省，但它已被更新并reedited c.550卑诗省。
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Bibliography
参考书目
FM Cross,
Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973); J Gray, 1 - 2 Kings: A Commentary (1970);
LB Hinton, First and Second Kings (1988); C Miller, Commentary on First and
Second Kings (1991).外交部交叉， canaanite神话和希伯来语的史诗（ 1973年） ; j灰色， 1 -2国王：评论（
1 970年） ;磅寒春，第一次和第二次国王（ 1 988条） ， c米勒，评注的第一和第二的国王（ 1 991年） 。
The two books of Kings formed originally but one book in the Hebrew Scriptures.该两本书，国王原本形成的，但一本书在希伯来文圣经。 The present division into two books was first made by the LXX., which now, with the Vulgate, numbers them as the third and fourth books of Kings, the two books of Samuel being the first and second books of Kings.目前分为两本书，是第一所提出的lxx ，而现在，随着武加大，数字他们作为第三次和第四次图书国王，两本书，塞缪尔作为第一和第二的书籍国王。 They contain the annals of the Jewish commonwealth from the accession of Solomon till the subjugation of the kingdom by Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonians (apparently a period of about four hundred and fifty-three years).它们包含的史册犹太英联邦从加入所罗门，直至征服了英国布恰德内扎尔和巴比伦人（显然，为期约四五三年） 。 The books of Chronicles (qv) are more comprehensive in their contents than those of Kings.帐簿方志（请参阅）是更全面的，在其内容比那些国王。 The latter synchronize with 1 Chr.后者同步与一人权委员会。 28-2 Chr. 28-2人权委员会。 36:21. 36:21 。 While in the Chronicles greater prominence is given to the priestly or Levitical office, in the Kings greater prominence is given to the kingly. ，而在方志更加突出的是考虑到priestly或利办公室，在国王更加突出的是考虑到王道。 The authorship of these books is uncertain.作者将这些书籍是不确定的。
There are some portions of them and of Jeremiah that are almost identical, eg, 2 Kings 24:18-25 and Jer.有一些部分，他们和耶利米是几乎相同的，例如， 2国王24:18-25和哲。 52; 39:1-10; 40:7-41:10. 52条; 39:1-10 ; 40:7-41:10 。 There are also many undesigned coincidences between Jeremiah and Kings (2 Kings 21-23 and Jer. 7:15; 15:4; 19:3, etc.), and events recorded in Kings of which Jeremiah had personal knowledge.也有许多undesigned巧合之间的耶利米和国王（ 2国王21日至23日和哲。 7时15分; 15时04分; 19时03分，等） ，以及事件记录在国王队，其中耶利米了个人的知识。 These facts countenance in some degree the tradition that Jeremiah was the author of the books of Kings.这些事实countenance在一定程度上传统耶利米是作者的书籍国王。 But the more probable supposition is that Ezra, after the Captivity, compiled them from documents written perhaps by David, Solomon, Nathan, Gad, and Iddo, and that he arranged them in the order in which they now exist.但更可能的假设是，以斯拉，后圈养的，编制他们的书面文件，或许大卫，所罗门，弥敦道，总装，并iddo ，他安排他们的次序，请他们现在存在的。
In the threefold division of the Scriptures by the Jews, these books are ranked among the "Prophets."在三重分工圣经由犹太人，这些书籍是跻身于“先知” 。 They are frequently quoted or alluded to by our Lord and his apostles (Matt. 6:29; 12:42; Luke 4:25, 26; 10:4; comp. 2 Kings 4:29; Mark 1:6; comp. 2 Kings 1:8; Matt. 3: 4, etc.).他们经常引用或提到我们的上帝和他的使徒（ matt. 6时29分; 12时42分;路加福音4时25分， 26日; 10时04分;可比。 2国王4时29分;马克1时06分;可比。 2国王1时08分;马特。 3 ： 4 ，等等） 。 The sources of the narrative are referred to (1) "the book of the acts of Solomon" (1 Kings 11:41); (2) the "book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah" (14:29; 15:7, 23, etc.); (3) the "book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel" (14:19; 15:31; 16:14, 20, 27, etc.).来源叙事是指： （ 1 ） “这本书的行为，索罗门” （ 1国王11时41分） ; （ 2 ） “本书的方志的国王的犹大” （ 14时29分; 15 ： 7 ， 23 ，等等） ; （ 3 ） “图书的方志的国王，以色列” （ 14时19分; 15时31分; 16时14分， 20 ， 27 ，等等） 。 The date of its composition was some time between BC 561, the date of the last chapter (2 Kings 25), when Jehoiachin was released from captivity by Evil-merodach, and BC 538, the date of the decree of deliverance by Cyrus.日期，其组成是一些时间之间的公元前561 ，日期，最后一章（ 2国王25日） ，当jehoiachin被释放，从圈养的邪恶- merodach ，公元前538 ，日期的法令解脱由赛勒斯。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
The historical book called in the Hebrew Melakhim, ie Kings, is in the Vulgate, in imitation of the Septuagint, styled the Third and Fourth Book of Kings.历史本新书，名为在希伯来文melakhim ，即国王，是在武加大，在仿制的septuagint ，风格的第三次和第四次预订国王。 This designation is justified, inasmuch as the historical narration contained in I and II Kings is herein continued, and, especially, because the history of David's life, begun in I and II, is here concluded.这指定是合理的，因为历史叙述中所载的I和II国王是在这里继续，特别是由于历史的大卫的生活，开始在I和II ，是在这里结束。 It is, on the other hand, an independent work, distinct from the Books of Samuel (ie I and II Kings) in its origin and its style, as well as by reason of the purpose it has in view.这是，在另一方面，一个独立的工作，有别于书籍塞缪尔（即I和II国王）在其原籍国和它的作风，以及为理由，目的，它已在检视。 Its division into two books--at an awkward place, just in the middle of the history of Ochozias--did not exist in early times, and has only been introduced later into the Hebrew editions from the Septuagint and the Vulgate.其划分为两本书-在一个尴尬的地方，只是在中间的历史o chozias-不存在，在早期的时代，至今只是稍后提出的到希伯来文版本，从s e ptuagint和武加大。 A division into three parts would be more in keeping with the contents.一分为三部分，将较能符合的内容。 The first part (1 Kings 1:11), beginning with David's enactments concerning the succession to the throne and his last instructions, comprises the history of Solomon: his God-given wisdom, the building of the temple and royal palace, the splendour of his reign, his great fall on account of which God announced to him the breaking up of his realm.第一部分（ 1国王1时11分）开始，大卫的成文法关于继承王位和他的最后指示，包括历史，索罗门：他的上帝赐予的智慧，建设庙宇和皇家宫殿，辉煌他的统治，他的伟大就属于帐户，其中上帝宣布，他打破了他的境界。 The second part (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) gives an historical survey of the kindred Kingdoms of Juda and Israel: Jeroboam's falling away from God and worship of the golden calf, the continuous wars between the succeeding kings of Israel and Juda up to Achab, the endeavours on the part of Elias to bring back to God the people misled by Achab, the destructive alliances between the house of Achab and the house of David, the miracles, prophecies, and activity of Eliseus, the destruction of the race of Achab by Jehu, Athalia's abortive attempt to destroy the house of David, the further line of contemporaneous kings of Juda and Israel until the end of the last-named kingdom, with an epilogue setting forth the causes of the fall of the latter.第二部分（ 1国王12月2日国王17 ）给出了一个历史的调查研究的骨肉王国juda和以色列： jeroboam的下降，远离上帝和崇拜的金牛犊，不断的战争之间的接替国王以色列和juda最多achab ，努力对部分埃利亚斯带回上帝的人所误导， achab ，破坏性之间的联盟在众议院achab和众议院的国宝，创造奇迹，预言，和活性eliseus ，破坏种族achab由jehu ， athalia的未遂企图摧毁众议院国宝，进一步路线，当代国王juda和以色列，直到年底最后命名为英国，一尾声提出的原因，秋季后者。 The third part (2 Kings 18-25) treats of the history of the Kingdom of Juda after the reign of Ezechias: his miraculous deliverance from the power of the Assyrians, his boastful conniving with the Babylonians, which gave rise to the Babylonian Captivity and Exile, the historical account of the reign of Manasses, whose sins evoked the pronouncement of the ruin of Juda, of Josias, who restored the temple, renewed the covenant with God, and endeavoured to stamp out idolatry, of the last kings up to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians, with a short postscript concerning the Judeans who had remained behind, and the delivery of King Joachim from his imprisonment.第三部分（ 2国王18-25 ）对待的历史王国juda后，统治埃泽希亚什：他奇迹般的解脱，从权力的亚述人，他吹嘘纵容巴比伦人，这引起了巴比伦囚禁和流亡，历史帐户的统治玛，其捷联惯导系统引起了宣告破产的juda ， josias ，谁恢复庙宇，重新公约与上帝，并努力杜绝偶像崇拜，最后国王到破坏耶路撒冷的巴比伦人，与短期的PostScript有关judeans谁一直落后，和交付国王约阿希姆从他的监禁。 The Books of Kings were not completed in their present form before the middle of the Exile.书籍国王没有完成在其目前的形式中之前流亡。 Indeed 2 Kings 25:27-30, relates that Joachim was released from bondage (562), and admitted to the court of Babylon for "all the days of his life".事实上，二国王25:27-30 ，涉及表示，约阿希姆被释放的枷锁（ 562 ） ，并承认向法院巴比伦为“所有的日子，他的生命” 。 According to the Babylonian Talmud (Baba bathra, fol. 15, 1), the Prophet Jeremias is the author.根据巴比伦塔木德（巴巴bathra ，随访。 15 ， 1 ） ，先知jeremias是作者。 Not a few among both older and more recent exegetes consider this probable.不是一个数都较旧的和较近期的exegetes考虑这个可能。 It is indeed remarkable that Jeremias's activity is not alluded to--his name not even being mentioned--although he stood in close relation to the events of the last few years, while everything other prophets (eg Elias, Eliseus, Isaias) did for kings and people is carefully noted.这实在是了不起jeremias的活动是不会提到-他的名字甚至没有被提及的-虽然他为在密切相关的事件，过去几年，而一切其他的先知（如埃利亚斯，e l iseus，伊萨亚斯），并为国王和人民是认真地注意到。 In case Jeremias was the author, we have to accept the explanation that he did not consider it suitable to relate here what he had set forth at length in his prophecy.在案件jeremias是作者，我们必须要接受的解释，他并不认为它适合在这里有什么关系，他提出的长度在他的预言。 Furthermore, Jer., lii, the narrative of the events in which Jeremias's predictions were fulfilled, is taken almost verbatim from 2 Kings 24:18-25:30.此外，张哲，崇礼，叙事的事件，其中jeremias的预测得到实现，所采取的几乎是逐字从2国王24:18-25:30 。 The compiler of the Prophecy of Jeremias felt justified in doing this, inasmuch as, in his opinion, the Books of Kings were by the same author.编译器的预言jeremias认为，合理的，这样做，因为，在他看来，书籍的国王由同一作者。 There is an undoubted resemblance in language and style between this historical book and the Prophecy of Jeremias.有一个不容置疑的相似性，在语言和风格之间的这一历史书和预言， jeremias 。 The same expressions occur in both writings (compare, for instance, 1 Kings 2:4 with Jeremiah 33:17; 1 Kings 9:8 with Jeremiah 18:16 and 19:8, also Lamentations 2:15; 2 Kings 21:12, with Jeremiah 19:3; 2 Kings 21:13-14, with Jeremiah 30:16 and 22:17, also Lamentations 2:8).同样的表达发生在双方的著作（比较，例如， 1国王2:4与耶利米33:17 ; 1国王9点08分与耶利米18时16分和19时08分，也悲叹2时15分; 2国王21时12分，与耶利米19时03分; 2国王21:13-14 ，与耶利米30:16和22:17 ，也悲叹2时08分） 。 If Jeremias be indeed the author, it must be accepted as probable that he wrote the book not long before, or shortly after, the fall of Jerusalem (587 BC); the last verses (xxv, 27-30) have possibly been added by a different hand.如果jeremias确实作者，它必须被接纳为可能，他写这本书没多久之前，或之后不久，秋季耶路撒冷（公元前587 ） ;最后的诗（ 25 ， 27-30 ）有可能被补充所不同的手。 The style, especially in the second chapter, is entirely different from that of the Books of Samuel (I and II Kings).风格，尤其是在第二章，是完全不同的是书本，黄秉槐（ I和II国王） 。 The well-developed and comprehensive presentation of those books differs noticeably from the dry and chronicle-like reports about most of the kings.以及发达国家和全面介绍了这些图书的明显不同，从干旱和纪事样的报道，大部分的国王。 Besides, the Books of Samuel never refer to those lost books which served as sources and which contained fuller particulars, while the Books of Kings are full of such references.此外，书籍塞缪尔从未是指那些失去的书籍，其中担任来源和其中载有更详尽的细节，而书籍的国王，充满了这种提法。 In the latter books the chronology is very clearly set down; for instance, as long as the two kingdoms exist simultaneously, in considering the history of one king, the year in which the contemporary king of the other kingdom acceded to the throne and the length of his reign are both indicated.在后者的书籍时序是非常清楚订定;例如，只要把两个王国同时存在，在考虑历史的一景，这一年中的当代国王的其他英国加入的宝座和长度他的统治，都是表示。 Such notices are entirely absent from the Books of Samuel.这些通知书是完全缺席的书籍塞缪尔。 From them it is even impossible to discover how long Samuel and Saul governed.从他们来说，这是不可能的，即使发现了多久和萨穆埃尔娑罗双树的管治。 Moreover, the historian of 1 and 2 Kings himself passes judgment on every king of Israel and of Juda as to whether he did right or wrong in the eyes of God; whereas the Books of Samuel simply give the judgments of other historians or leave it to the reader to judge for himself.此外，历史学家的1和2国王自己判断，通过对每一个国王以色列和juda至于是否他没有对或错，在眼中的上帝，而书籍塞缪尔只是给判决的其他历史学家或离开它读者法官为自己。
The Books of Kings cover a period of about four centuries, from the time of the last years of David until the fall of Jerusalem.书籍国王封面，为期约4个世纪，从时间的最后几年，朱，直到秋季耶路撒冷。 They do not give the complete history of Israel during this period; such was not the purpose of the writer.他们不给完整的历史，以色列在此期间，这样的目的并不是作家。 He omits many important events or barely alludes to them.他忽略了许多重要的事件或勉强提到了他们。 For the political history of the two kingdoms, the military exploits of the kings, their public achievements, he constantly refers to three other writings which, at that time, were still in existence.为政治史上的两个王国，军事利用的国王，其公共的成就，他不断指其他三个著作，在那个时间，仍然存在。 By these references he wishes to indicate that he does not intend to relate everything which may be found in those sources.由这些提述他的意愿，表明他不打算涉及一切可能发现的这些来源。 Whoever wanted information concerning the wars, the treaties, and public acts was to consult the writings referred to.谁想要的资料，关于战争，条约，和公众的行为，被征询的著作中提到的。 In the Book of Kings, as is shown by its contents, another matter predominates, namely, the relation of each king to revealed religion.在这本书中的国王，正如所显示的是其内容，是另一回事占主导地位，即关系的每一个国王发现宗教。 For this reason, the narrator judges the conduct of each king, treats more extensively the history of those kings who fostered or brought religion to a flourishing state (such as Solomon, Ezechias, Josias), or who had, on the contrary, wrought it great harm (Jeroboam I, Achab, and Joram); and therefore he relates particularly what the prophets did to bring back the kings and people to the observance of the laws of religion and to spur them on.基于这个原因，叙述者法官的行为，每一个国王，更广泛地对待历史，那些国王谁培育的或宗教带来一个蓬勃发展的国家（如所罗门，埃泽希亚什， josias ） ，或谁了，相反，它造成的极大的伤害（ jeroboam ，我achab ， joram ） ; ，因此，他特别是涉及什么先知并带回国王和人民，以遵守法律，宗教和推动他们对。 The object the writer had in view he indicates very clearly in the epilogue which follows the story of the fall of Israel (2 Kings 17:7 sqq.).对象的作家曾在检视他表示，很清楚，在尾声，其中如下的故事秋天以色列（ 2国王17时07 sqq ） 。 With emphasis he points out the cause: "They worshipped strange gods . . . and they hearkened not [to the warnings of the prophets] . . . and they rejected the covenant that he [God] made with their fathers . . . And the Lord was very angry with Israel, and removed them from his sight, and there remained only the tribe of Juda. But neither did Juda itself keep the commandments of the Lord their God; but they walked in the errors of Israel . . . And the Lord cast off all the seed of Israel."重点是他指出了原因： “他们崇拜的神奇怪。 。 。和他们hearkened没有[警告先知] 。 。 。和他们拒绝了该公约，他[上帝]作出与他们的父亲。 。 。和勋爵很气愤，与以色列，并取消他们从他的视线，和仍然存在，只有部落juda ，但也没有juda本身保持诫命的主他们的上帝，但他们走在错误的以色列。 。 。和主摆脱了所有的种子以色列“ 。 1 Kings 2:3-4; 9:3-9; 11:11, 11:33-39; 14:7-11; 16:12 sqq.; 2 Kings 10:30-33; 13:3; 21:11-16; 22:15-17; 24:3-20, bring out the same idea. 1国王2:3-4 ; 9:3-9 ; 11时11分， 11:33-39 ; 14:7-11 ; 16时12分sqq 。 ; 2国王10:30-33 ; 13时03分; 21日： 11月16日; 22:15-17 ; 24:3-20 ，带出了同样的想法。 In this manner the writer teaches that the unlawful cult offered in the high places and the idolatry practised both by kings and people in spite of the admonitions of the prophets were the cause of the downfall of Israel and of Juda.在这种方式作家教导我们，非法邪教组织提供了在高的地方和偶像崇拜都实行由国王和人民，尽管该告诫的先知者的原因下台，以色列和juda 。 Still this is not the entire purpose of the work.还有，这是不是整个工作的目的。 The repeated calling to mind of the promises of the God Who had pledged a permanent reign to David, the acknowledgment of the mercy of the God Who, on account of David, Ezechias, and Josias, had suspended the judgment pronounced upon Juda--all this served to revive the hope and confidence of the remnant of the people.一再呼吁，以心中的承诺，上帝谁认捐了永久的统治，以国宝，承认摆布上帝谁，对帐户的国宝，埃泽希亚什，并josias ，中止了判决后， juda -所有这是振兴的希望和信心的残的人。 From this they were to learn that God, just in His wrath, was also merciful in His promises to David and would be faithful to His promise of sending the Messias, whose kingdom should endure.从这个他们知道上帝，只是在他的愤怒，也是慈悲，他的承诺，国宝，并会忠实于他的承诺，把messias ，其英国应该忍受。 Not unappropriately this whole work may be called an historical elucidation and explanation of Nathan's oracle (2 Samuel 7:12-16).不unappropriately这整个工作可称为历史的澄清和解释，弥敦道的甲骨文（ 2塞缪尔7:12-16 ） 。
The writings upon which the Books of Kings are based and to which they refer more than thirty times are: the "book of the words of the days of Solomon" (1 Kings 11:41), the "book of the words of the days [AV book of the chronicles] of the kings of Israel" (xiv, 19; etc.), and the "book of the words of the days of the kings of Juda" (xiv, 29; etc.).著作后，其中的书籍国王是基于和他们指以上30倍，分别是： “书话的日子，索罗门” （ 1国王11时41分） ， “书话的日子[影音书的方志]国王的以色列“ （第十四，第19条;等） ，以及”书话的日子，国王的juda “ （ 14月29日;等） 。 In the opinion of many, these "chronicles" are the official annals kept by the chancellors of the different kings.在许多人认为，这些“三多”是官方的史册上不断由chancellors了不同的国王。 However, it is by no means certain that the office designated by the Hebrew mazkir signifies chancellor (Vulgate a commentariis); still less certain is it that it was part of the duty of the chancellor, who belonged to the king's household, to keep these annals.不过，绝不是某些该办公室指定的希伯来文mazkir标志着校长（武加大一commentariis ） ;仍然不足可以肯定的是它，这是一部分的责任，校长，谁属于国王的家庭，保持这些史册。 It is true that David (2 Samuel 8:16), Solomon (1 Kings 4:3), Ezechias (2 Kings 18:18), and Josias (2 Chronicles 34:8) counted among their officials a mazkir, but whether the other kings of Juda and of Israel employed such an officer we find nowhere indicated.这是事实，朱（ 2塞缪尔8时16分） ，所罗门（ 1国王4:3 ） ，埃泽希亚什（ 2国王18时18分） ，并josias （ 2方志34:8 ）算在他们的官员mazkir ，但是否其他的国王juda和以色列雇用上述人员，我们觉得无处表示。 Even if it were historically certain that so-called year-books were kept in the two kingdoms by the chancellors, and had been preserved in Israel in spite of so many revolutions and regicides, there remains still the question whether these are really the "chronicles" which serve as a basis for the Books of Kings.即使有一定的历史，那么所谓的一年书籍，则留在两个王国由chancellors ，并一直保留在以色列，尽管在如此众多的革命和regicides ，仍然存在着，仍然是这些问题是否真的是“方志“以此为基础的书籍国王。 The chronicles of other peoples, as far as they have been preserved in cuneiform characters and otherwise, contain exclusively that which contributes to the glory of the kings, their deeds of arms, the edifices they built, etc. Our historical work, however, also relates the sins, prevarications, and other atrocities of the kings, which were not likely to be recorded in the year-books by court officials during the lifetime of their kings.该方志其他国家人民的，据他们一直保存在楔形文字的字符和，否则，包含专门认为，这有助于荣耀国王，他们的先进事迹，武器，他们兴建的大楼，等我们的历史工作，然而，这也涉及的捷联惯导系统， prevarications ，和其他暴行的国王，这是不太可能被记录在今年的图书由法院官员在他们的一生国王。 According to 2 Kings 21:17, "The acts of Manasses . . . and his sin which he sinned, are they not written in the book of the words of the days [AV book of the chronicles--2 Samuel 21:17] of the kings of Juda?"据2国王21时17分， “行为玛。 。 。和他的单仲偕，他罪，他们不写在这本书中的话的日子[影音书的方志-2 ，黄秉槐2 1时1 7分]对国王的juda “ ？
We may endeavour to determine the nature of these sources in another way.我们可能会努力，以确定的性质，这些来源以另一种方式。 By comparing the accounts in the Books of Kings and those in II Par., one is immediately struck by two things: With frequent verbal similarity, both works carefully indicate the sources which have been consulted.通过比较账户，在书籍的国王和那些在第二杆，一个是立即深刻的两件事：与频繁的口头相似，无论是工程，仔细说明来源，已征询市民的意见。 The history of Solomon's reign, III Kings, i-xi, is told in II Par., i-ix, in almost the same manner, and while III Kings, xi, 41, refers to the "book of the words of the days of Solomon", II Par., ix, 29, refers in the same formula ("The rest of", etc.) to "the words of Nathan the prophet, and the books of Abias the Silonite, and the vision of Addo the seer".历史上所罗门的统治，三国王，我喜，是说，在第二杆。 ，我第九，在几乎相同的方式，而在三，国王，席， 41 ，是指以“书话的日子所罗门“ ，二杆，第九， 29 ，是指在相同的公式（以下简称”休息“ ，等等） ”的话，弥敦道先知，和书籍的abias该silonite ，和远见阿该预言者“ 。 The history of Roboam the author of the Books of Kings takes from the "book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah" (AV 1 Samuel 14:29).历史roboam的作者的书籍国王需从“图书的方志的国王的犹大” （的AV一，黄秉槐14时29分） 。 The writer of II Par., x-xii, gives an account of the same which in contents and form is almost identical, and refers to "the books of Semeias the prophet, and of Addo the seer" (2 Chronicles 12:15).作者的第二杆，第十至十二，给出了一个帐户的同时，在内容和形式，是几乎相同的，并指“书籍的semeias先知，和阿的预言者” （ 2方志12:15 ） 。 The same holds for the history of the following kings of Juda.同时举行，为历史下列国王juda 。 After an account, often in almost the same words, now elaborate and then again more concise, we find in the Book of Kings the "book of the chronicles" and in II Par.后一个帐户，往往是在几乎相同，换言之，现在详细说明，然后再更简明，我们发现在这本书中的国王“图书的方志” ，并在第二杆。 the "prophetic writings" given as sources. “先知的著作”作为来源。 It must be added that, while in the life story of four of the seven kings in II Par., reference to the source is omitted, these are also absent in the Books of Kings.它必须补充说，而在生活中的故事，四个七个国王在第二杆，参考来源是遗漏了，这也是在缺席的书籍国王。 Is it then not probable that it is one and the same source whence both writers have gathered their information?是它，然后没有可能，这是同一个来源whence作家都聚集他们的资料？ The "book of the chronicles" quoted in 1 and 2 Kings the writer of 2 Chronicles designates by the then usual appellation, "the book of the kings of Juda and Israel". “本书的方志”引述在1日和2国王作家2方志指定由当时的一贯称谓， “这本书的王juda和以色列” 。 The prophetic writings referred to by this writer are divisions of the last-named book.预言的著作所提到，这是作家师最后命名的书。 This the writer states explicitly (2 Chronicles 20:34) of "the words [or the writings] of Jehu the son of Hanami" (his source for the history of Josaphat): they are "digested into the books of the kings of Israel [and Juda]"; also (2 Chronicles 32:32 -- Vulgate) of "the vision of Isaias, son of Amos": it is embodied in "the book of the kings of Juda and Israel".这是作家明确（ 2方志20时34分） “的字眼[或著作] jehu的儿子，赏樱花” （其来源的历史，约萨法特） ：他们是“消化到书籍的国王，以色列[和juda ] “ ;也（ 2方志32:32 -武加大） ”的远景伊萨亚斯的儿子，阿莫斯“ ：这是体现在”这本书的王j uda和以色列“ 。 Consequently, the source utilized by both writers is nothing else but the collection of the writings left behind by the successive prophets.因此，源利用双方的作家是什么都没有，但收集的著作中所遗留下来的历届先知。
That the author of the Book of Kings has thoroughly consulted his sources, is constantly evident.这本书的作者国王已经彻底征询他的消息来源，是不断可见一斑。 Thus he is able to describe the labours and miracles of Elias and Eliseus with such minuteness and in so fresh and vivid a manner as to make it plain that the original narrator was an eyewitness.因此，他能够来形容的劳动和创造奇迹的埃利亚斯和eliseus这种微小并在这样的新鲜和生动的方式，以使它平原认为原来的叙述者是一个目击者。 This is why he consults the sources and refers the reader to them in his account of the life of almost every king; not a few expressions have been taken over verbally (cf. 1 Kings 8:8; 9:21; 12:19; 2 Kings 14:7, etc.).这就是为什么他谘询的来源和指读者对他们在他的帐户中的生活，几乎每一个国王;不是一个数的表达已接管了在口头上（参见1国王8时08分; 9时21分; 12时19分; 2国王14时07分，等等） 。 The authenticity of his history is further strengthened by its agreement with the accounts of II Par.的真实性，他的历史是进一步加强了其协议的帐目，第二杆。 The difficulties which appear at the superficial perusal of these Sacred Writings vanish after an attentive study, what seemed contradictory proving to be an amplification or else entirely new matter.困难出现在表面上阅读这些神圣的著作消失后，细心的研究，似乎有什么矛盾，证明是一扩增，否则，完全新的问题。 In many places the historical reliability of the Books of Kings is confirmed by what the prophetic writings of Isaias, Jeremias, Osee, Amos, Micheas, and Sophonias report concerning the same events, either by direct mention or by allusion.在许多地方，历史的可靠性书籍国王是证实了什么预言的著作伊萨亚斯， jeremias ， osee ，阿莫斯， micheas ， sophonias报告，关于同一事件，无论是由直接提及或由典故。 Even profane historians of antiquity, Berosus, Manetho, and Menander, are quoted by Flavius Josephus and Eusebius as witnesses to the reliability of our book of sacred history.甚至亵渎历史学家的古物， berosus ，曼涅托，米南德，所引述的flavius约瑟夫和尤西比乌斯作为证人的可靠性，我们的书神圣的历史。 Especially notable in this respect are the inscriptions concerning the Oriental races discovered during the last century.特别是显着在这方面的题字有关东方的赛事，发现在上个世纪。
Publication information Written by Jos. Schets.出版的资料，撰写jos. schets 。 Transcribed by WGKofron.转录由wgkofron 。 With thanks to St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII.与感谢圣玛丽教堂，美国俄亥俄州阿克伦城天主教百科全书，货量八。 Published 1910. 1910年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特阿普尔顿公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. nihil obstat ， 1910年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.的Remy lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教，纽约
Bibliography参考书目
NETELER, Das 3 und 4 B. der Könige der Vulg. neteler ，之三und 4乙明镜könige明镜vulg 。 und des Urtextes übersetzt und erklärt (Münster, 1899); HOLZHEY, Das B. der Könige (Leipzig, 1899); CRAMPON, Les livres des Rois (Paris, 1899); BENZIGER, Die B. der Könige (1899); KITTEL, Die B. der Könige (Göttingen, 1900); CHALLONER AND KENT, Kings III and IV (London, 1904); CROCKETT, Books of the Kings of Judah and Israel. und万urtextes übersetzt und erklärt （明斯特， 1899 ） ;霍尔茨海，乙之明镜könige （莱比锡， 1899 ） ; crampon ，本港就业辅导组livres万里奥斯（巴黎， 1899 ） ; benziger ，模具乙明镜könige （ 1899年） ; kittel ，模具乙明镜könige （哥廷根， 1900 ） ; challoner和肯特大学，国王第三和第四（伦敦， 1904 ） ;克罗克特，书籍的国王的犹大和以色列。 Harmony of the B. of Sam., Kings and Chron.和谐的B.的SAM ，国王和慢性。 in the version of 1884 (London, 1906); RUBIE, The first Book of Kings (London, 1907); BARNES, I and II Kings (London, 1908); MACLAREN The Books of Kings (London, 1907-08); BURKITT, Fragments of the B. of Kings according to the translation of Aquila (Cambridge, 1897); LAGRANGE, L'Inscription de Mésa, etc., in Revue Biblique (1901), 522-45; PRASEK, Sennacharib's Second Expedition in the West and the Siege of Jerusalem in Expository Times, XII, 225, 405; XIII, 326; STEFFENS, The St;ructure and Purpose of the B. of Kings in The Bible Student, VIII, 153-60; DÖLLER, Geographische und ethnographische Studien zem III und IV Könige (Vienna, 1904); BURNHAM, The Mission and Work of Elijah in Biblical World, XXIV, 180-87; SCHULZ, Die Quellen z.在该版本的1884年（伦敦， 1906 ） ; rubie ，第一本书的国王（伦敦， 1907 ） ;巴恩斯， I和II国王（伦敦， 1908 ） ;麦克拉伦的书籍国王（伦敦， 1907年至1908年） ;伯基特，片段的B.国王根据翻译Aquila ） （剑桥， 1897 ） ;拉格朗日的L'题词德mésa等，在杂志biblique （ 1901 ） ， 522-45 ; prasek ， sennacharib第二远征队在西和围困的耶路撒冷在阐述时代，第十二章， 225 ， 405 ;第十三， 326 ;斯蒂芬斯，圣; ructure和宗旨的乙国王在圣经中的学生，八， 153-60 ; döller ， geographische und ethnographische studien zem三und四könige （维也纳， 1904 ） ;伯纳姆，任务和工作利亚在圣经的世界， 24 ， 180-87 ;舒尔茨，模具quellen Z的 Gesch. gesch 。 des Elias (Braunsberg, 1906); DODDS, Elisha, the Man of God (Chicago, 1904); VON HUMMELAUER, Solomons ehernes Meer in Bibl.万埃利亚斯（劳恩斯贝格， 1906 ） ; dodds ，以利沙，该名男子的神（芝加哥， 1904 ） ;冯胡梅劳尔，所罗门群岛ehernes meer在bibl 。 Zeitsch., VI, 133- 54; VINCENT, La description du Temple de Salomon, I Rois, vi, in Revue Biblique (1907), 515-42; BREME, Ezechias und Senacherib (Freiburg im Br., 1906); NAGL, Die nachdavidische Königsgeschickhte Israels ethnographisch und geographisch beleuchtet (Vienna, 1905); TOY, The Queen of Sheba in Journal of Am. zeitsch 。 ，六， 133 -5 4;郑海泉，香格里拉描述杜庙德所罗门，我里奥斯，六，在杂志b iblique（ 1 907年） ， 5 15-42;布莱梅，埃泽希亚什u nds enacherib（弗赖堡即时通讯溴， 1 906） ; n agl，模具nachdavidische königsgeschickhte israels ethnographisch und geographisch beleuchtet （维也纳， 1905 ） ;玩具，女王示巴在杂志时。 FolkLore, XX, 207-12; CALDECOTT, Solomon's Temple.民间传说， XX条， 207-12 ;郝德杰，所罗门圣殿的。 Its history and its structure (London, 1907).其历史和其结构（伦敦， 1907年） 。
ARTICLE HEADINGS:文章标题：
-Biblical Data: -圣经的数据：
First Book of Kings:第一本书的国王：
Solomon.所罗门。
Kings and Prophets.国王和先知。
Elijah and Elisha.以利亚和以利沙。
Second Book of Kings:第二本书的国王：
Elisha's Career.艾莉莎的职业生涯。
Jehu's Iniquities. jehu的不公正。
The Later Kings.后来国王。
-Critical View:关键的看法：
Object and Method of Work.对象和工作方法。
Time of Redaction.时间的节录。
Sources.消息来源。
Narratives and Epitomes.叙述和epitomes 。
-Biblical Data: -圣经的数据：
Fourth book of the second canonical division of the Hebrew Bible, the Prophets ().第四本书的第二个典型的分工希伯来文圣经，先知（ ） 。 It contains a history of the kings of Judah and of Israel from the last days of David till the capture of Zedekiah by Nebuchadnezzar.它包含的历史，国王的犹大和以色列撤出的最后几天，朱到捕获泽德基亚由布恰德内扎尔。 This work is divided into two books, I Kings () and II Kings (); the former consisting of twenty-two, the latter of twenty-five, chapters.这项工作分为两本书，我国王（ ）和第二国王（ ） ;前构成的2002年，后者2005年，章节。
The following is a synopsis of their contents:以下是概要的内容：
First Book of Kings:第一本书的国王：
Ch.的CH 。 i.: David having grown old, his son Adonijah forms a plot with Joab and Abiathar to seize the kingdom.一：大卫长大岁，他的儿子多尼雅，形成了一个阴谋与乔阿布和亚比亚他抓住英国。 But Solomon's mother, Bath-sheba, helped by Nathan the prophet, baffles Adonijah's design, and Solomon is anointed and crowned with great solemnity.但所罗门的母亲，浴示巴，帮助弥敦道先知，挡板多尼雅的设计，和索罗门是选定和加冕，与伟大的严肃性。 Hearing of this, Adonijah and his guests, who are banqueting at the time, retire precipitately.听证会本，多尼雅和他的客人，谁是在宴会的时间，退休仓促。
Ch.的CH 。 ii.: David's charge to Solomon, whom he enjoins to let neither Joab nor Shimei die a natural death.二：大卫的收费所罗门，他责成让既不乔阿布也不士梅无疾而终。 On the other hand, he is to show kindness to the children of Barzillai the Gileadite.在另一方面，他是为了显示爱心，向儿童巴西莱该gileadite 。 Adonijah asks Solomon for David's concubine Abishag, and pays for his imprudence with his life.多尼雅要求所罗门大卫的妾比煞，并支付他的轻率与他的生命。 Abiathar is deposed from the high-priesthood, and Joab is killed by Benaiah at the command of Solomon.亚比亚他是被废黜从高神父，和乔阿布是杀害比拿雅在命令所罗门。 Shimei, ignoring a command of the king, is killed by Benaiah in fulfilment of David's charge to Solomon.士梅，无视命令的国王，杀死比拿雅在履行大卫的收费所罗门。
Solomon.所罗门。
Ch.的CH 。 iii.: Solomon marries the daughter of the King of Egypt.三：所罗门结婚的女儿，埃及王。 God appears to him in a vision by night at Gibeon, and promises him extraordinary wisdom and great riches.上帝似乎给他的远见，晚上在基遍，并承诺他非凡的智慧和巨大的财富。 Solomon's judgment in the case of the two harlots, in which he discovers the real mother of the living child.所罗门的判决，在案件两harlots ，他在其中发现真正的母亲生活的孩子。
Ch.的CH 。 iv.: Solomon divides his kingdom into twelve commissariat districts, and appoints officers over them; each district being required to support the royal house during one month every year.四：所罗门划分为他的王国到12小卖部区，并任命人员超过他们;每区被要求支持皇家内务期间一个月，每一年。
Ch.的CH 。 v.: Account of Solomon's kingdom, his daily provision, the number of his horses, his great wisdom, the prosperous state of Israel under his rule, his alliance with Hiram, and his preparations for the construction of the Temple.五：帐户所罗门的英国，他每天的规定，他的一些马匹，他的大智慧，繁荣的国家，以色列在他的统治，他的联盟与西贡，和他准备为建造该庙。
Ch.的CH 。 vi.: A full account of the Temple, the construction of which lasted seven years.六。 ：充分考虑到该庙，建设历时7年。
Ch.的CH 。 vii.: Description of Solomon's palace, the erection of which occupied thirteen years, and of the Temple vessels made by Hiram the artificer.七。 ：描述所罗门的宫殿，竖立占领了十三年，和庙宇的船只所作出的西贡该artificer 。
Ch.的CH 。 viii.: Inauguration of the Temple.八。 ：就职庙。 After the Ark and the vessels are brought in, Solomon addresses to God a long prayer and blesses the people.之后，方舟和船只带来的，索罗门的地址给上帝，一个长期祈祷和祝福的人。 He then dedicates the Temple with numerous peace-offerings, and the people hold a feast of fourteen days.然后，他专庙与无数和平的产品，和人民群众举行盛宴的十四天。
Ch.的CH 。 ix.: Second appearance of God to Solomon.九。 ：第二次的出现，上帝所罗门。 He admonishes the king to observe His commandments, otherwise the Temple will be of no avail.他admonishes国王遵守他的诫命，否则庙将无济于事。 Solomon makes another treaty with Hiram, builds several cities, and imposes a heavy tribute on the descendants of the former inhabitants of the land.所罗门使另一项条约与西贡，建立了几个城市，并施加了沉重的敬意，对后代的原居民的土地。 Solomon's navy, under the direction of Tyrians, sails to Ophir for gold.所罗门的海军的领导下， tyrians ，帆，以ophir黄金。
Ch.的CH 。 x.: The Queen of Sheba comes to Jerusalem and admires Solomon's wisdom; she gives him costly presents.十：女王示巴来耶路撒冷和钦佩所罗门的智慧，她给他昂贵的礼物。 A description of his golden targets, his ivory throne, his vessels, the great number of his chariots and horses.说明他的黄金目标，他的象牙宝座，他的船只，大量的他的战车和马匹。
Ch.的CH 。 xi.: Decline of Solomon; his numerous wives and concubines draw him into idolatry, for which God threatens him with the loss of his kingdom.十一。 ：下降，所罗门，他的众多妻子和妾提请他到偶像崇拜，而上帝的威胁，他的损失，他的王国。 An account of Solomon's adversaries; namely, Hadad, who flies to Egypt; Rezon and Jeroboam, to the latter of whom Ahijah prophesies that he will become king. 1帐户所罗门的对手，即哈达，谁飞往埃及; rezon和jeroboam ，后者其中ahijah prophesies表示，他将成为国王。 Solomon dies after a reign of forty years, and is succeeded by his son Rehoboam.所罗门去世后，统治四十年，并成功地由他的儿子雷霍博姆。
Ch.的CH 。 xii.: Division of the kingdom.十二。 ：分工王国。 The Israelites assemble at Shechem for the purpose of crowning Rehoboam.以色列人聚集在shechem为目的的加冕雷霍博姆。 Headed by Jeroboam, they ask the king to relieve them of the burdens placed on them by his father.为首的jeroboam ，他们要求国王，以减轻他们的负担，放置在他们的父亲。 Rehoboam, refusing the advice of the old men, and following that of the young ones, answers the people roughly.雷霍博姆，拒绝的意见，旧的男子，和随后的青年，回答了人们大概。 All the tribes of Israel, with the exception of Judah and Benjamin, revolt; they kill Adoram, and cause Rehoboam to flee.所有部落，以色列，除犹大和本杰明，反抗; adoram他们杀害，并造成雷霍博姆逃离。 The latter is made king over Judah and Benjamin, while the other ten tribes follow Jeroboam, who strengthens himself by building Shechem and Penuel and places therein two golden calves as objects of worship.后者则是取得了超过犹大国王和本杰明，而其他十部落的后续jeroboam ，谁强化自己的建设shechem和penuel和地方有两个黄金犊牛为对象的崇拜。 Kings and Prophets.国王和先知。
Ch.的CH 。 xiii.: Jeroboam's hand, as he is about to strike a man who has prophesied against the altar, withers, but at the prayer of the prophet is restored.十三。 ： jeroboam的手，因为他是关于罢工的一名男子已预言谁对祭坛， withers ，但在祈祷的先知是恢复。 This same prophet, deceived by an old prophet of Beth-el, eats at the latter's house in defiance of God's command and is slain by a lion.这同先知，欺骗了一个老先知什么-下午，吃在后者的家在违抗上帝的命令是由一个被杀害的狮子。 He is buried by the old prophet, who directs his children when he himself shall die to bury him by the prophet's side.他是埋葬旧的先知，谁指使他的子女时，他自己会死埋葬他所预言的一面。 Jeroboam, in spite of the miraculous restoration of his hand, persists in his idolatry. jeroboam ，尽管有奇迹般的恢复他的手，坚持在他的偶像崇拜。
Ch.的CH 。 xiv.: Abijah, Jeroboam's son, being sick, Jeroboam sends his wife, disguised, with presents to the prophet Ahijah of Shiloh.十四。 ： abijah ， jeroboam的儿子，正在生病了， jeroboam发送他的妻子，变相，介绍了以先知ahijah的示罗。 The latter, on seeing Jeroboam's wife, announces to her the extermination of Jeroboam's family and the death of Abijah.后者，就看到jeroboam的妻子，向她宣布灭绝jeroboam的家庭和死亡的abijah 。 Jeroboam is succeeded by his son Nadab. jeroboam是成功，他的儿子拿答。 Rehoboam, falling into idolatry, is attacked by Shishak, King of Egypt, who despoils the Temple and the royal house.雷霍博姆，陷入偶像崇拜，是攻击希沙克，埃及王，谁despoils庙宇和皇家内务。 Rehoboam.雷霍博姆。 is succeeded by his son Abijam.是成功，他的儿子abijam 。
Ch.的CH 。 xv.: Abijam, during a wicked reign of three years, is continually at war with Jeroboam, He is succeeded by his son Asa.十五。 ： abijam ，在一个邪恶的统治三年，是不断在战争与jeroboam ，他是成功，他的儿子民用航空运输协定。 The latter, a worshiper of Yhwh, is forced on account of his war with Baasha, King of Israel, to make a league with Benhadad.后者， worshiper的yhwh ，是被迫就交代他的战争与者巴沙，国王，以色列，使联盟与benhadad 。 He is succeeded by his son Jehoshaphat.他是接替他的儿子杰霍沙法特。 Nadab, after a wicked reign of two years, is assassinated by Baasha, who succeeds him and whose reign is an evil one.拿答后，邪恶的统治两年，是暗杀者巴沙，谁接替他的统治是一个邪恶的一个。
Ch.的CH 。 xvi.: Jehu prophesies against Baasha, who after a reign of twenty-four years is succeeded by his son Elah.十六。 ： jehu对prophesies者巴沙，谁后，统治二十四年，是成功，他的儿子elah 。 The latter is assassinated by Zimri, who succeeds him and exterminates the whole family of Baasha, thus carrying out Jehu's prophecy.后者则是暗杀zimri ，谁接替他和exterminates整个家庭者巴沙，从而进行jehu的预言。 Seven days later the soldiers make their general Omri king, who forces Zimri to destroy himself by fire.七天后，士兵，使他们的一般omri国王，谁势力zimri摧毁自己，小心防火。 The kingdom of Israel is divided between Omri and Tibni, the former of whom finally becomes sole king.王国以色列之间的分歧是omri和tibni ，前，其中最后成为唯一的国王。 After a sinful reign of twelve years, during which he builds Samaria, Omri is succeeded by his son Ahab, who does "evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him."之后，罪孽深重的在位十二年，在此期间，他建立了撒马利亚， omri是成功，他的儿子ahab ，谁做的“邪恶在看到上帝高于一切都是在他面前” 。
Ch.的CH 。 xvii.: Elijah the Tishbite, having foretold a drought, hides himself at Cherith, where he is fed by ravens.十七。 ：该提什比利亚后，预示干旱，隐藏自己在cherith ，在那里他是美联储由乌鸦。 He is then sent by God to Zarephath; he sojourns at the house of a widow, whose son he raises from the dead.他是当时发出的上帝zarephath ; sojourns他在众议院的遗孀，他的儿子，他提出了从死里复活。
Ch.的CH 。 xviii.: Elijah is commanded to go to Ahab to announce that God will send rain; he meets Obadiah, who brings Ahab to him.十八。 ：以利亚是指挥去ahab宣布，上帝将派遣雨;他会见俄巴底亚书，谁带来ahab给他。 Elijah, having reproved Ahab for his wickedness, convinces him of the superiority of Yhwh by calling down fire from heaven.以利亚，谴责ahab他的邪恶，说服他的优越性， yhwh致电下跌消防从天上。 Having slain all the prophets of Baal, Elijah obtains rain by prayer and accompanies Ahab to Jezreel.有被杀害的所有巴力的先知，以利亚获得雨祈祷，并伴随着ahab ，以jezreel 。
Elijah and Elisha.以利亚和以利沙。
Ch.的CH 。 xix.: Elijah, threatened by Jezebel, flees to Beer-sheba; he then goes into the wilderness, where, being weary of his life, he is comforted by an angel.十九。 ：以利亚的威胁jezebel ，逃到啤酒示巴;他接着到旷野，其中，被厌倦了他的一生，他是安慰天使。 At Horeb God appears to him and sends him to anoint Hazael, Jehu, and Elisha.在horeb上帝似乎对他并传送他anoint哈薛， jehu ，以利沙。 The last-named takes leave of his parents and friends and follows Elijah.最后命名需离开他的父母和朋友如下利亚。
Ch.的CH 。 xx.: Ben-hadad besieges Samaria, demanding of Ahab all that he possesses. XX条：本哈达besieges撒马利亚，要求所有的ahab ，他拥有。 Encouraged by a prophet, Ahab is successful in two battles, slaying many Syrians.鼓励由先知， ahab是成功的在2战，杀害许多叙利亚人。 The Syrians submit to Ahab.叙利亚人提交ahab 。 Ahab sends Ben-hadad away free with a covenant, and in consequence a prophet pronounces God's judgment against Ahab. ahab发送本哈达远离自由与盟约，并在后果先知判决上帝的判断，对ahab 。
Ch.的CH 。 xxi.: Ahab, demanding Naboth's vineyard, meets with a refusal.二十一。 ： ahab ，要求纳博特囊肿的葡萄园，会见拒绝。 At Jezebel's instigation, Naboth is condemned to death for blasphemy, and Ahab takes possession of the vineyard.在jezebel的唆使下，纳博特囊肿是谴责死刑的亵渎，并ahab占有葡萄园。 Elijah foretells God's judgment against Ahab and Jezebel, but as Ahab repents, the punishment is deferred.以利亚预示着上帝的判断，对ahab和jezebel ，但由于ahab忏悔，惩罚是递延。
Ch.的CH 。 xxii.: Ahab, visited by Jehoshaphat, urges the latter to accompany him to the war with Aram.二十二。 ： ahab ，参观了由杰霍沙法特，敦促后者陪同他到战争与aram 。 Encouraged by false prophets, Ahab, contrary to the advice of Micaiah, starts for the war, and is slain at Ramoth-gilead.深受鼓舞，假先知， ahab ，相反的意见，迈凯亚，开始为战争，是被杀害在ramoth -基列。 He is succeeded by his son Ahaziah.他是接替他的儿子亚哈谢。 A summary of Jehoshaphat's beneficent reign and acts; he is succeeded by his son Jehoram; short account of Ahaziah's evil reign.摘要杰霍沙法特的善行统治和行为;他是成功，他的儿子jehoram ;短期帐户的亚哈谢的邪恶统治。
Second Book of Kings:第二本书的国王：
Ch.的CH 。 i.: Moab rebels after Ahab's death.一：莫阿布叛军后， ahab的死因。 Ahaziah, being sick, sends to Baal-zebub; the messengers meet Elijah, who foretells Ahaziah's death.亚哈谢，生病，发送到巴力- zebub ;信使满足利亚，谁预示着亚哈谢的死因。 Elijah, sent for by Ahaziah, destroys by fire from heaven two captains of fifty with their men; he spares the third captain and his fifty, and comes to Ahaziah, whose death he foretells.以利亚，发送由亚哈谢，破坏火从天上两个船长50与他们的男子，他不遗余力地第三船长和他的50 ，和来亚哈谢，他们的死亡预示着他。
Ch.的CH 。 ii.: Account of Elijah's translation.二：帐户利亚的翻译。 Having divided the Jordan with his mantle, the prophet takes leave of Elisha, granting him his request that a double portion of Elijah's spirit may rest upon him; Elijah is then taken up in a fiery chariot to heaven.有分歧约旦与他的衣钵，先知需请假以利沙，给予他要求的双重部分以利亚的精神，可能会休息后，他;利亚，然后采取行动，在火热的战车上天堂。 Elisha is acknowledged as Elijah's successor; he heals the waters of Jericho, curses children who mock him, and returns to Samaria.以利沙是公认的以利亚的继任者，他是医治水域杰里科，诅咒孩子谁模拟他，并返回到撒马利亚。
Ch.的CH 。 iii.: Jehoram, Ahab's second son, succeeds his brother Ahaziah, and, accompanied by Jehoshaphat and the King of Edom, marches against Moab.三： jehoram ， ahab的次子，成功，他的兄弟亚哈谢，并伴随着杰霍沙法特和国王，益登，游行反对莫阿布。 Being distressed for lack of water, the.正在为痛心，水源缺乏， 。 allied kings obtain it through the intervention of Elisha, who also promises them victory.盟军国王获得通过干预以利沙，谁也承诺，他们的胜利。 The Moabites, deceived by the color of the water, come to plunder the allied armies, and are overcome.该moabites ，欺骗颜色的水，来掠夺盟军，并且克服。 The King of Moab, by sacrificing his eldest son, raises the siege.国王莫阿布，牺牲了他的长子，提高围困。
Ch.的CH 。 iv.: Account of the miracles performed by Elisha.四：帐户的奇迹表演以利沙。 He multiplies the widow's oil; gives a son to a Shunammite woman; brings to life her dead son; heals at Gilgal the deadly pottage; and satisfies 100 men with twenty loaves.乘以他的遗孀的石油;给出了儿子一书念妇人女子;带来了生命，她的儿子死亡;愈合在gilgal致命的pottage ;满足100名男子与20面包。
Ch.的CH 。 v.: Naaman, on the advice of a captive maid, asks Elisha to cure him of his leprosy.五： naaman ，对的意见，自保女佣，要求以利沙治愈他，他麻风病。 Elisha sends him to bathe in the Jordan; Naaman does so and iscured.以利沙派他洗澡，在约旦; naaman这样做和iscured 。 Elisha refuses Naaman's gifts, but his servant Gehazi takes them, for which he is smitten with leprosy.以利沙拒绝naaman的礼物，但他的仆人基哈西需要他们，因为他是smitten与麻风病。
Elisha's Career.艾莉莎的职业生涯。
Ch.的CH 。 vi.: Elisha, giving leave to the young prophets to build a dwelling, causes the ax of one of them, which has fallen into the Jordan, to float on the surface of the water.六。 ：以利沙，给予许可的年轻人先知建立一个住宅，导致斧的，其中一人，其中已陷入约旦，自由浮动于水面。 He discloses to the King of Israel the Syrian king's secrets; he smites with blindness the army sent to apprehend him, brings it to Samaria, and then dismisses it in peace.他披露，以国王以色列叙利亚国王的秘密; smites他与盲目性，军队发出了逮捕他，把它撒马利亚，然后解雇，它在和平之中。 Samaria, besieged by Benhadad, suffers from a severe famine in which women eat their children.撒马利亚，围困benhadad ，患有严重的饥荒，妇女在其中吃他们的子女。 The king sends a messenger to slay Elisha.国王发出了一个信使，斩以利沙。
Ch.的CH 。 vii.: Elisha foretells plenty in Samaria; but announces to an officer, who expresses disbelief in the prophecy, that he shall not participate therein.七。 ：以利沙预示着很多在撒马利亚;宣布，但以一主任，谁对此表示难以置信，在预言，他不得参与。 Four lepers, having visited the camp of the Syrians, bring word of their flight.四麻风病人，访问过的阵营叙利亚人，把字的飞行。 The King of Israel sends men to spoil the tents of the enemy; abundance of food is secured.国王对以色列发出的男子破坏的帐篷里的敌人;丰富的食物是担保。 The officer who has doubted Elisha's prophecy is trodden to death.有关人员已怀疑谁艾莉莎的预言是践踏死亡。
Ch.的CH 。 viii.: The Shunammite, in order to avoid the predicted famine, leaves her country for seven years; when she returns she finds her land seized by other people.八。 ：书念妇人，为了避免预测饥荒，树叶她的国家，为七年;时，她的回报，她发现她的土地，检获的其他人。 The king, in recognition of Elisha's miracles, orders her land to be restored to her.国王，在承认以利沙的奇迹，命令她的土地，以恢复她的。 Benhadad, being sick, sends Hazael with presents to Elisha, who prophesies that Hazael will succeed his master. benhadad ，生病，派哈薛与礼物，以利沙，谁prophesies说，哈薛将接替他的主人。 Hazael kills Ben-hadad and ascends the throne.哈薛杀死本-哈达和ascends的宝座。 Short account of the evil reign of Jehoram, King of Judah.短期帐户的邪恶统治jehoram ，国王的犹大。 Edom and Libneh revolt.益登科技和libneh反抗。 Jehoram is succeeded by his son Ahaziah; account of his sinful reign. jehoram是成功，他的儿子亚哈谢;帐户，他罪孽深重的统治。
Ch.的CH 。 ix.: Elisha sends a young prophet to anoint Jehu at Ramoth-gilead.九。 ：以利沙发出了一个年轻的先知，以anoint jehu在ramoth -基列。 Jehu, made king by the soldiers, kills Joram, Ahab's son, in the field of Naboth, and Ahaziah in Gur. jehu ，取得了国王的士兵，死joram ， ahab的儿子，在该领域的纳博特囊肿，亚哈谢在gur 。 Jezebel is thrown out of a window and eaten by dogs. jezebel是抛出的一个窗口和吃狗。
Jehu's Iniquities. jehu的不公正。
Ch.的CH 。 x.: Jehu exterminates Ahab's family; he causes seventy sons of Ahab to be beheaded, kills forty-two of Ahaziah's brothers, takes up Jehonadab into his chariot with him, and destroys all the worshipers of Baal.十： jehu exterminates ahab的家庭;的原因，他70的儿子ahab ，以被斩首，杀死42的亚哈谢的兄弟，占用了jehonadab到他的战车与他，并销毁所有信徒的巴力。 Jehu himself follows the sinful practises of Jeroboam, as a punishment for which Israel is oppressed by Hazael. jehu自己遵循罪孽深重实行的jeroboam ，作为一种惩罚而以色列是压迫哈薛。 Jehu is succeeded by his son Jehoahaz. jehu是成功，他的儿子jehoahaz 。
Ch.的CH 。 xi.: Athaliah destroys all the royal family with the exception of Joash (Jehoash), who is hidden by his aunt Jehosheba in the house of God for six years.十一。 ：儿亚他利雅销毁所有王室与除乔阿什（ jehoash ） ，谁是隐藏在他的姑姑jehosheba在众议院的上帝为六年。 In the seventh year Joash is anointed king by Jehoiada, and Athaliah is slain.在今年已踏入第七届，约阿施是选定国王耶何耶大，和儿亚他利雅是被杀害。 Jehoiada restores the worship of Yhwh.耶何耶大还原崇拜yhwh 。
Ch.的CH 。 xii.: Joash is a worshiper of Yhwh all the days of Jehoiada.十二。 ：乔阿什是一个worshiper的yhwh所有的日子耶何耶大。 Account of Joash's activity in repairing the Temple.帐户乔阿什的活动，在修复庙宇。 Hazael is diverted from Jerusalem by a present from the sacred treasury.哈薛是改行从耶路撒冷由目前的从神圣的库务署。 Joash, after a reign of forty years, is assassinated by his servants and succeeded by his son Amaziah.乔阿什后，统治四十年，是暗杀他的仆人，并成功由他的儿子亚玛谢。
Ch.的CH 。 xiii.: Account of Jehoahaz's evil reign.十三。 ：帐户jehoahaz的邪恶统治。 Jehoahaz, oppressed by Hazael, prays to God, who relieves him. jehoahaz ，压迫由哈薛，祈祷上帝，谁减轻了他。 He is succeeded by his son Joash, who, after a wicked reign of sixteen years, is followed by his son Jeroboam.他是接替他的儿子，约阿施，谁后，邪恶的统治十六年，其次是他的儿子jeroboam 。 Elisha dies; his bones, by the touching of them, bring to life a dead man.以利沙去世;他的骨头，感人，他们的生活带来一男子死亡。 Hazael is succeeded by his son Ben-hadad, from whom Joash recovers the cities which his father lost.哈薛是成功，他的儿子本哈达，从谁乔阿什复苏的城市，他的父亲失去了。
Ch.的CH 。 xiv.: Amaziah's reign; his victory over Edom, and his defeat by Joash.十四。 ：亚玛谢的统治地位，他的胜利，益登，和他的失败，约阿施。 Amaziah, slain by conspirators, is succeeded by his son Azariah.亚玛谢，由同谋杀害，是成功，他的儿子亚撒利雅。 Account of Jeroboam's reign; he is succeeded by his son Zechariah.帐户jeroboam的统治地位;他是成功，他的儿子撒迦利亚书。
Ch.的CH 。 xv.: Short account of Azariah's good reign; he dies a leper, and is succeeded by his son Jotham.十五。 ：短期帐户的亚撒利雅的良好的统治;他去世一leper ，并成功地由他的儿子jotham 。 Zechariah, the last of Jehu's dynasty and an idolater, is slain by Shallum, who succeeds him and who, after a reign of one month, in turn is slain by Menahem.撒迦利亚书，最后的jehu的王朝和一idolater ，是由被杀害shallum ，谁接替他，谁后，统治一个月，又是在被杀害，由menahem 。 Account of Menahem's victories; he secures the assistance of Pul, King of Assyria.帐户menahem的胜利;确保他的协助下脉冲，国王亚述。 Menahem, dying, is succeeded by his son Pekahiah. menahem ，死亡的，是成功，他的儿子pekahiah 。 The latter is slain by Pekah, during whose reign Tiglath-pileser seizes a part of the land of Israel.后者是由被杀害pekah ，在其统治tiglath - pileser查获的一部分，以色列土地上。 Pekah is slain by Hoshea and is succeeded by him. pekah是由被杀害或是何西亚，并成功地由他。 Jotham after a good reign of sixteen years is succeeded by his son Ahaz. jotham后，一个良好的统治十六年，是成功，他的儿子亚哈斯。
The Later Kings.后来国王。
Ch.的CH 。 xvi.: Account of Ahaz's wicked reign.十六。 ：帐户亚哈斯的邪恶统治。 Assailed by Rezin and Pekah, he bribes Tiglath-pileser to help him against them.抨击由的利汛和pekah ，他受贿tiglath - pileser ，以帮助他对付他们。 Account of the altar built by Uriah for Ahaz and of the latter's spoliation of the Temple.帐户的祭坛上兴建的uriah为亚哈斯和后者的抢劫的庙宇。 Ahaz is succeeded by Hezekiah.亚哈斯是成功地由hezekiah 。
Ch.的CH 。 xvii.: Account of Hoshea's wicked reign.十七。 ：帐户或是何西亚的邪恶统治。 Being subdued by Shalmaneser, he conspires against him, the result of which is the capture of Samaria as a punishment for the sins of Israel.被制服由撒缦，他阴谋反对他，结果，这是捕获撒马利亚作为一种惩罚，为捷联惯导系统的以色列。 Account of the strange nations transplanted in Samaria by the King of Assyria; lions being sent among them, they make idols and set them in the high places.帐户奇怪的联合国移植在撒马利亚由国王亚述;狮子被送往之间，他们作出的偶像，并将其设为在高的地方。
Ch.的CH 。 xviii.: Account of Hezekiah's beneficent reign; he destroys idolatry and prospers.十八。 ：帐户hezekiah的善行的统治，他摧毁了偶像崇拜与繁荣。 Israel is carried away into captivity.以色列是从现场抬出到圈养。 Sennacherib, invading Judah, is at first pacified by tribute; but he afterward sends Rab-shakeh, who reviles Hezekiah and incites the people to revolt (see Isa. xxxvi.).森纳赫里布，入侵犹大，是在第一安抚由敬意;但他随后发出rab - shakeh ，谁reviles hezekiah和煽动人民的反叛（见的ISA 。三十六） 。
Ch.的CH 。 xix.: Hezekiah requests Isaiah to pray for his kingdom, and is comforted by the prophet.十九。 ： hezekiah请以赛亚书祈求他的王国，是安慰的先知。 Sennacherib, obliged to leave Jerusalem in order to encounter Tirhakah, sends a blasphemous letter to Hezekiah.森纳赫里布，被迫离开耶路撒冷，以便在遇到tirhakah ，发出了一个亵渎神明的信hezekiah 。 Hezekiah's prayer and Isaiah's prophecy are followed by the annihilation of Sennacherib's army (see Isa. xxxvii.). hezekiah的祈祷和以赛亚书的预言之后，消灭森纳赫里布的军队（见的ISA 。三十七） 。
Ch.的CH 。 xx.: Hezekiah, being sick, is told by Isaiah that he will die; in answer to his prayer his life is lengthened.第XX 。 ： hezekiah ，正在生病了，是告诉以赛亚书，他会死;在回答他的祈祷他的生命延长。 The shadow goes ten degrees backward.影子云10度落后。 Merodach-baladan's embassy to Hezekiah, and Isaiah's prophecy with regard to it (see Isa. xxxviii.-xxxix.). merodach -巴拉但驻华使馆向hezekiah ，和以赛亚书的预言方面，它（见的ISA 。 xxxviii. -第39届） 。 Hezekiah is succeeded by his son Manasseh. hezekiah是成功，他的儿子玛。
Ch.的CH 。 xxi.: Account of Manasseh's reign and of his flagrant idolatry.二十一。 ：帐户的玛的统治地位和他的明目张胆的偶像崇拜。 He is succeeded by his son Amon, who, after a reign of two years, is slain by his servants; he is succeeded by his son Josiah.他是接替他的儿子阿蒙，谁后，在位二年，是被杀害，由他的仆人，他是成功，他的儿子乔赛亚。
Ch.的CH 。 xxii.: Josiah during his long and good reign is very active in repairing the Temple.二十二。 ：乔赛亚在他的长期和良好的统治是非常积极的在修复庙宇。 Hilkiah having found a scroll of the Law, Josiah sends to consult Huldah concerning it; she prophesies the destruction of Jerusalem, but not until after Josiah's death.希勒家后，发现一个滚动的法律，乔赛亚发送到谘询户勒大有关;她prophesies销毁耶路撒冷，但不能等到乔赛亚的死因。
Ch.的CH 。 xxiii.: Josiah, having read the Law in a solemn assembly, renews the covenant of Yhwh.二十三。 ：乔赛亚，看了法在庄严的大会，再次盟约yhwh 。 Josiah'sactivity in the destruction of idolatry; he celebrates the Passover. josiah'sactivity在销毁偶像崇拜;他庆祝逾越节。 Having provoked Pharaohnechoh, Josiah is slain by him at Megiddo.有挑起pharaohnechoh ，乔赛亚是杀害他，在米吉多。 Jehoahaz, Josiah's son, succeeds to the throne. jehoahaz ，乔赛亚的儿子，继承王位。 Pharaoh-nechoh, having imprisoned Jehoahaz, makes Jehoiakim king; the latter reigns indifferently for eleven years.法老王- nechoh后，被囚禁jehoahaz ，使jehoiakim国王;后者普遍存在indifferently为十一年。
Ch.的CH 。 xxiv.: Jehoiakim, subdued by Nebuchadnezzar, rebels against him.二十四。 ： jehoiakim ，制服布恰德内扎尔，叛乱分子对他的。 He is succeeded by his son Jehoiachin, during whose wicked reign the King of Egypt is vanquished by the King of Babylon, Jerusalem also is taken, and the royal family, including the king, and most of the inhabitants are carried captive to Babylon.他是接替他的儿子jehoiachin ，在其邪恶统治埃及王是战败国，由巴比伦王，耶路撒冷也是采取和王室，包括国王，而大部分的居民都是进行圈养，以巴比伦。 Zedekiah is made king and reigns till the destruction of Judah.泽德基亚是国王和普遍存在，直至毁灭犹大。
Ch.的CH 。 xxv.: Account of the siege of Jerusalem and of the capture of Zedekiah.二十五。 ：帐户的围困耶路撒冷和捕获泽德基亚。 Nebuzar-adan destroys the city and the Temple, carries away the Temple vessels, and deports most of the people to Babylon. nebuzar -作者adan破坏了城市和庙，进行离庙船只，并驱逐大部分的人到巴比伦。 Gedaliah, who has been made ruler over those who remain in Judah, is slain, and the rest of the people flee into Egypt.大利斋日，谁已经取得的统治者，这些谁留在犹大，是被杀害，其余的人逃离到埃及。 Evil-merodach, King of Babylon, releases Jehoiachin from prison; and the latter is honored at court.SM Sel.邪恶- merodach ，巴比伦王，新闻稿jehoiachin从监狱;而后者很荣幸在court.sm的SEL 。
-Critical View:关键的看法：
A superficial examination of the Books of Kings makes clear the fact that they are a compilation and not an original composition.表面检查的书籍国王的明确事实，即他们是一个汇编，而不是原来的组成。 The compiler, or editor, constantly cites certain of his sources.编译器，或编辑，不断濒危物种贸易公约的某些他的消息来源。 In the case of Solomon it is "the book of the acts of Solomon" (I Kings xi. 41); for the Northern Kingdom it is "the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel," which is cited seventeen times, ie, for all the kings except Jehoram and Hoshea (see, eg, ib. xv. 31); and for the kings of Judah it is "the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah," which is cited fifteen times, ie, for all the kings except Ahaziah, Athaliah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah (see, eg, ib. xv. 7).在该案件所罗门，这是“这本书的行为，索罗门” （王席。 41 ） ;北部英国，这是“这本书的方志的国王，以色列” ，这是引用17倍，即，所有的国王，除了jehoram和或是何西亚（例如，见兴业。十五。月31日） ;和为国王的犹大，这是“这本书的方志的王犹大” ，这是引用15倍，即所有的国王，除了亚哈谢，儿亚他利雅， jehoahaz ， jehoiachin ，泽德基亚（例如，见兴业。第十五7段） 。 Whether the editor had access to these "chronicles," as they were deposited in the state archives, or simply to a history based upon them, can not with certainty be determined.是否编辑器已获得这些“三多” ，因为它们存放在国家档案，或干脆以历史为依据，不能肯定地待定。 It is generally assumed that the latter was the case (comp. Kuenen, "Historisch-Kritische Einleitung in die Bücher des Alten Testaments," p. 68, and Cornill, "Einleitung in das Alte Testament," p. 123).人们普遍假定，后者是个案（ comp. kuenen ， “ historisch - kritische einleitung在模具bücher万alten testaments ， ”第68页， cornill ， “ einleitung在澳门更改及证明， ”第123页） 。
Object and Method of Work.对象和工作方法。
It was not the purpose of the compiler to give a complete history of the period covered by his work; for he constantly refers to these sources for additional details.它的目的并不是编译器提供一个完整的历史，所涵盖的时期他的工作;因为他不断指这些来源的其他细节。 He mentions as a rule a few important events which are sufficient to illustrate the attitude of the king toward the Deuteronomic law, or some feature of it, such as the central sanctuary and the "high places," and then proceeds to pronounce judgment upon him accordingly.他提到，作为一项规则，几个重要的事件，足以说明的态度，国王对deuteronomic法，或一些特征，如中央的庇护和“高的地方” ，然后收益宣告判决后，他因此。 Each reign is introduced with a regular formula; then follows a short excerpt from one of his sources; after which an estimate of the character of the monarch is given in stereotyped phraseology; and the whole concludes with a statement of the king's death and burial, according to a regular formula (comp., eg, I Kings xv. 1-9 for the formula used for the kings of Judah, and ib. xv. 25-32 for that used for the kings of Israel).每一个时期，是介绍与定期公式;然后如下短期摘自他的一个来源;之后，估计性质的君主，是鉴于在定型用字;和整个最后一声明，国王的死亡和埋葬，根据一项经常性的公式（ comp. ，例如，我国王十五。 1-9为使用的公式为国王的犹大，和兴业。十五， 25-32为所用的为国王，以色列） 。
The standpoint of the judgments passed upon the various kings as well as the vocabulary of the compiler (comp. Driver, "Introduction," 1891, p. 190, for a list of his words) indicates that he lived after the reforms of Josiah (621 BC) had brought the Deuteronomic law into prominence.的立场，判决通过后，各国王以及词汇的编译器（ comp.司机， “引进来” ， 1891年，第190 ，名单他的话）表示，他住改革后的乔赛亚（ 621 BC ）的带来deuteronomic法纳入突出。 How much later than this the book in its present form was composed, may be inferred from the fact that it concludes with a notice of Jehoiachin's release from prison by Evil-merodach (Amil-Marduk) after the death of Nebuchadnezzar in 562.多少不迟于这本书以其目前的形式组成，可以推断，从事实，即它的结论与通知jehoiachin的从监狱中释放邪恶- merodach （ amil -马尔杜克）去世后，布恰德内扎尔在562 。 The book must have taken its present form, therefore, during the Exile, and probably in Babylonia.这本书必须采取以其目前的形式，因此，在流亡政府，并可能在巴比伦。 As no mention is made of the hopes of return which are set forth in Isa.由于没有提到了希望的回报，其中阐述了在ISA 。 xl.-lv., the work was probably concluded before 550. xl.-lv. ，这项工作可能结束前550 。 Besides the concluding chapters there are allusions in the body of the work which imply an exilic date (see, eg, I Kings viii. 34, xi. 39; II Kings xvii. 19, 20; xxiii. 26, 27).除了总结章节有典故的尸体的工作意味着exilic日期（见，例如，我国王第八。 34 ，十一， 39 ;二，国王十七，十九，二十;二十三。 26 ， 27 ） 。 To these may be added the expression "beyond the river" (I Kings v. 4), used to designate the country west of the Euphrates, which implies that Babylonia was the home of the writer.这些可能会增加表达“超越河” （王五4 ） ，用于指定该国西部的幼发拉底河，这意味着巴比伦是家中作家。
Time of Redaction.时间的节录。
On the other hand, there are indications which imply that the first redaction of Kings must have occurred before the downfall of the Judean monarchy.在另一方面，有迹象显示，这意味着第一节录的国王必须发生之前下台，朱迪亚君主立宪制。 The phrase "unto this day" occurs in I Kings viii. “祂在这一天”发生在王八。 8, ix.八，九。 21, xii. 21 ，第十二章。 19; II Kings viii. 19 ;二，国王第八。 22, xvi. 22日，十六。 6, where it seems to have been added by an editor who was condensing material from older annals, but described conditions still existing when he was writing.六，在那里，似乎已被列入由一个编辑器谁是冷凝物质从老年人的史册，但所描述的条件依然存在，当他正在撰写。 Again, in I Kings xi.再次，在王习。 36, xv. 36 ，十五。 4, and II Kings viii. 4 ，第一和第二，国王第八。 19, which come from the hand of a Deuteronomic editor, David has, and is to have, a lamp burning in Jerusalem; ie, the Davidic dynasty is still reigning. 19日，来自手一deuteronomic编辑器，大卫，是有，一盏灯，燃烧在耶路撒冷;也就是说， davidic王朝仍然在位。 Finally, I Kings viii.最后，我国王第八。 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 38, 42, 44, 48; ix. 29 ， 30 ， 31 ， 33 ， 35 ， 38 ， 42 ， 44 ，第48条;九。 3; and xi.三;和第十一。 36 imply that the Temple is still standing. 36意味着该庙仍是常委会。 There was accordingly a pre-exilic Book of Kings.有相应的前exilic预订国王。 The work in this earlier form must have been composed between 621 and 586.工作在这方面较早的形式必须已组成之间的621和586 。 As the glamour of Josiah's reforms was strong upon the compiler, perhaps he wrote before 600.作为魅力乔赛亚的改革是强烈后，编译器，也许他写道：前600 。 To this original work II Kings xxiv.这个原来的工作，二国王二十四。 10-xxv. 10二十五。 30 was added in the Exile, and, perhaps, xxiii. 30日的补充，在流亡，和，或许，二十三。 31-xxiv. 31 - 24条。 9. 9 。 In addition to the supplement which the exilic editor appended, a comparison of the Masoretic text with the Septuagint as represented in codices B and L shows that the Hebrew text was retouched by another hand after the exemplars which underlie the Alexandrine text had been made.此外，以补充该exilic编辑附加，比较的masoretic文字与septuagint为代表的在codices B和升表明，希伯来文的文字修饰，是由另一手后，范例，其中理解该alexandrine文本已经取得了。 Thus in B and L, I Kings v. 7 follows on iv.因此，在B和升，我国王诉7如下对四。 19; vi.第19条;六。 12-14 is omitted; ix. 12月14日是省略;九。 26 follows on ix. 26如下对九。 14, so that the account of Solomon's dealings with Hiram is continuous, most of the omitted portion being inserted after x. 14 ，使该帐户的所罗门的打交道，西贡是连续的，大部分的遗漏部分插入后十。 22. 22 。 II Kings xxi., the history of Naboth, precedes ch.二，国王二十一世纪，历史纳博特囊肿，前面的CH 。 xx., so that xx.第XX 。 ，使二十。 and xxii., which are excerpts from the same source, come together.和二十二。 ，这是摘录来自同一来源的，走到一起。 Such discrepancies prove sufficient late editorial work to justify the assumption of two recensions.这种差异，证明有足够的后期编辑工作的理由假设二recensions 。
Sources.消息来源。
In brief outline the sources of the books appear to have been these: I Kings i.在简要说明来源的书籍似乎已经这些：我国王一 and ii.第一和第二。 are extracted bodily from an early court history of David's private life, which is largely used in II Sam.提取的身体从早期法院的历史，大卫的私人生活，这是主要用于在二，三。 ix.-xx. The editor (Rd) has added notes at ii.编辑（路）增加了债券在第二组。 2-4 and 10-12. 2月4日和10月12日。 For the reign of Solomon the source is professedly"the book of the acts of Solomon" (xi. 41); but other sources were employed, and much was added by Rd.为统治所罗门来源是professedly “这本书的行为，索罗门” （ xi. 41 ） ;但是，其他来源包括就业，大部分被添加的路。 Ch.的CH 。 iii.三。 is a prophetic narrative of relatively early origin, worked over by Rd, who added verses 2, 3, and 14, 15.是一个先知的叙述比较早的起源，工作，由路，谁补充说：诗2 ， 3 ，和14日， 15日。 Ch.的CH 。 iv.四。 1-19 is presumably derived from the Chronicle of Solomon. 1月19日是假定来自纪事所罗门。 Ch.的CH 。 iv.四。 20-v. 20 - V上。 14 contains a small kernel of prophetic narrative which has been retouched by many hands, some of them later than the Septuagint. 14包含一个小型的核心预言叙事已修饰，许多手中，他们中的一些不迟于septuagint 。 The basis of v. 15-vii.的基础上诉15 -七。 51 was apparently a document from the Temple archives; but this was freely expanded by Rd (comp. Stade in his "Zeitschrift," 1883, pp. 129 et seq.), and vi. 51显然是一份文件，从庙档案;但，这是自由扩大路（ comp.比赛在他的“ zeitschrift ， ” 1883年，第129条及以下各条） ，和第六。 11-14 also by a later annotator. 11月14日也由一个后来注。 Ch.的CH 。 viii.八。 1-13, the account of the dedication of the Temple, is from an old narrative, slightly expanded by later hands under the influence of P. Ch. 1月13日，该帐户的献身精神圣殿，是从旧的叙事，稍扩大后，手中的影响下，体育的CH 。 viii.八。 14-66 is in its present form the work of Rd slightly retouched in the Exile. 14-66是以其目前的形式工作的路稍微修饰，在流亡国外。 Ch.的CH 。 ix.九。 1-9 is the work of Rd, but whether before the Exile or during it is disputed. 1月9日是工作的路，但是否之前或期间，流亡，这是有争议的。 Ch.的CH 。 ix.九。 10-x. 10 - X的。 29 consists of extracts from an old source, presumably "the book of the acts of Solomon," pieced together and expanded by later editors. 29提取物组成，从旧的来源，据推测， “这本书的行为，所罗门， ”拼凑在一起，扩大后的编辑。 The order in the Masoretic text differs from that in the Septuagint.该命令，在masoretic文本的不同，在该septuagint 。 For details see Kittel, "Die Königsbücher," in Nowack's "Handkommentar."详情见kittel ， “模具königsbücher ， ”在nowack的“ handkommentar ” 。 Ch.的CH 。 xi.十一。 1-13 is the work of Rd; xi. 1月13日，是工作的路;十一。 14-22 is a confused account, perhaps based on two older narratives (comp. Winckler, "Alttestamentliche Forschungen," pp. 1-6); and xi. 14-22是一个混乱的帐户，或许基于两个老年人的叙述（ comp. winckler ， “ alttestamentliche forschungen ， ”页。 1月6日） ;和第十一。 26-31 and 39, 40 probably formed a part of a history of Jeroboam from which xii. 26日至31日和39 ， 40 ，大概形成了一个组成部分的历史jeroboam从哪个十二。 1-20 and xiv. 1月20日和第十四条。 1-18 were also taken. 1月18日还采取了。 The extracts in ch.提取物在CH 。 xi.十一。 have been set and retouched by later editors (comp. Kittel on I Kings xi. 23-43).已定，修饰后，由编辑（ comp. kittel ，我国王席。 23-43 ） 。
Narratives and Epitomes.叙述和epitomes 。
From ch.从甲烷。 xii.十二。 of the First Book onward these books are characterized by an alternation of short notices which give epitomes of historical events, with longer narratives extracted from various sources.的第一本书起，这些图书的特点是一轮岗短期告示，其中给予epitomes的历史事件，用较长的叙述中提取从各种来源。 The following sections are short epitomes: I Kings xiv.以下各节都很短， epitomes ：我国王十四。 21-xvi. 21 -十六。 34; xxii. 34 ;二十二。 41-53; II Kings viii. 41-53 ;二世国王第八。 16-29; x. 16-29 ;十。 32-36; xii. 32-36 ;十二。 18-xiii. 18 -十三。 13; and xiii.第13条;和第十三。 22-xvii. 22 - 17 。 6. 6 。 In some cases short extracts are even here made in full, as in xiv.在某些情况下，短期的提取物，甚至在这里取得了全面，正如在十四。 8-14 and xvi. 8月14日和十六。 10-16. 10月16日。
The longer narratives, which are frequently retouched and expanded by Rd, are as follows: I Kings xii.较长的叙述，这是经常修饰和扩大路，分别如下：我国王十二。 1-20, xiv. 1月20日，第十四届。 1-18, from an older narrative of Jeroboam, to which xii. 1月18日，从旧叙事jeroboam ，其中十二。 21-32 and xiv. 21-32和第十四条。 19, 20 are additions; xii. 19日， 20个是增加的;第十二编。 33-xiii. 33 -十三。 34, a comparatively late story of a prophet; xvii.-xix. 34 ，一个比较晚的故事先知; xvii. -十九。 and xxi., an early prophetic narrative written in the Northern Kingdom (comp. xix. 3); xx.和二十一世纪，早期预言的书面说明，在北部的英国（ comp.十九。 3 ） ;二十。 and xxii.和二十二。 1-40, an early north-Israelitish history of the Syrian war in which Ahab lost his life; II Kings i.-viii. 1-40 ，早日北israelitish历史上叙利亚的战争，其中ahab失去了他的生命;二世国王一-八。 15 and ix. 15和第九章。 1-x. 1 - X的。 31, north-Israelitish narratives, not all from one hand, which are retouched here and there, as in iii. 31日，北israelitish的叙述，并非所有从一方面，这是修饰在这里和那里，因为在三。 1-3, by Rd; xi. 1月3日，由路;十一。 1-xii. 1 -十二。 17, a Judean narrative of the overthrow of Athaliah and the accession of Joash; xiii. 17日，朱迪亚叙事推翻儿亚他利雅和加入乔阿什;十三。 14-21 and xiv. 14-21和第十四条。 8-14, two excerpts from material written in the Northern Kingdom (comp. xiv. 11); xvii. 8月14日， 2摘录的书面材料，在北部的英国（ comp.十四11 ） ;十七。 7-23 is Rd's commentary on the historical notice with which the chapter opens; xvii. 7月23日，是路的评注在历史的通知与该章开放;十七。 24-41 is composite (comp. verses 32, 34, and 41), probably written in the Exile and retouched after the time of Nehemiah; xviii.-xx. 24-41是复合（ comp.诗32 ， 34 ，和第41条） ，可能是书面，在流亡政府和修饰后的时间尼希米记; xviii. -第XX 。 is compiled by Rd from three sources (comp. Stade, lc vi. 174), Rd himself prefixing, inserting, and adding some material; xxi.是由路有三个来源（ comp.比赛，立法会六。 174 ） ，路自己prefixing ，插入，并加入了一些物质;二十一。 is, throughout, the work of Rd; xxii.-xxiii.是，在整个工作的路; xxii. -二十三。 25 is an extract from the Temple archives with slight editing; and xxiii. 25日是摘录自庙档案略有编辑;二十三。 29-xxv. 29 -二十五。 30, the appendix of the exilic editor, is based on Jer. 30 ，附录的exilic编辑器，是基于哲。 xl. xl 。 7-xliii. 7 -四十三。 6. 6 。 From Jeremiah, too, the exilic editor drew his information, which he presented in briefer form.从耶利米，太， exilic编辑提请他的资料，他提出了在简短的形式。
Isidore Singer, M. Seligsohn, Emil G. Hirsch, George A. Barton伊西多尔的歌手，米seligsohn ，埃米尔g.赫希，乔治巴顿
Jewish Encyclopedia, published between 1901-1906.犹太百科全书， 1901年至1906年之间出版的。
Bibliography:参考书目：
Kuenen, Historisch-Kritische Einleitung in die Bücher des Alten Testaments, pp. kuenen ， historisch - kritische einleitung在模具bücher万alten testaments ，聚丙烯。 62-99, Leipsic, 1890; Cornill, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, 1891, pp. 62-99 ， leipsic ， 1890年; cornill ， einleitung在澳门更改及证明， 1891年，页。 120-132; Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament, 1891, pp. 120至132 ;司机，介绍文学的旧约， 1891年，页。 175-193; Kittel, Die Königsbücher, 1900, in Nowack's Handkommentar; Benzinger, Die Bücher der Könige, 1899, in KHC; Silberstein, in Stade's Zeitschrift, xiii. 175-193 ; kittel ，模具königsbücher ， 1900年，在nowack的handkommentar ; benzinger ，模具bücher明镜könige ， 1899年，在khc ; silberstein ，在比赛的zeitschrift ，十三。 1-76.EGHGAB 1 - 76.eghgab
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