Canon, in Christian usage, is a rule or standard.佳能，在基督教的用法，是一个规则或标准。 By the middle of the 3rd century the word had come to refer to those doctrines recognized as orthodox by the Christian church.由中间的3世纪一词来指那些教条承认为正统所基督教堂。 It was later also used to designate collectively the list of books accepted as Scripture (see Bible).它后来又被指定集体名单的书籍接纳为经文 （见圣经） 。
The term canon is also used to denote the catalog or register of saints.任期佳能也被用来指目录或登记的圣人。 The use of the plural form to denote church precepts originated about the year 300; this form began to be applied specifically to the decrees of the church councils about the middle of the 4th century (see Canon Law).使用复数形式，以象征教会的信条起源于大约一年300个;这种形式开始被指定适用的法令，教会议会中的4世纪（见佳能法） 。 The term is also applied to the part of the Roman Catholic Mass that opens with the Preface, or prayer of thanksgiving, and closes just before the recitation of the Lord's Prayer.该术语也适用于部分的罗马天主教弥撒打开与序文，或祈祷感恩，并关闭前背诵主祷文。 In some Christian churches, canon is also an ecclesiastical title given to the clergy attached to a cathedral church or to certain types of priests living under a semimonastic rule, such as the Augustinians.在一些基督教教会，佳能亦是一个教会称号给予神职人员附加到大教堂教堂或某些类型的祭司下生活semimonastic规则，如奥古斯丁会士。
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The term "canon" in Christianity refers to a group of books acknowledged by the early church as the rule of faith and practice.而言， "佳能" ，在基督教中是指一组书籍承认早期教会作为法治的信念和实践。 Deriving from the Greek kanon, which designated a carpenter's rule (possibly borrowed from a Hebrew term, qaneh, referring to a measuring reed six cubits long), the word has been used to identify those books considered to be spiritually superlative, by which all others were measured and found to be of secondary value in general church use.来自希腊的kanon ，其中指定一名木匠的规则（可能是借来的，从希伯莱来说， qaneh ，指的是一项衡量芦苇六肘长） ，这个词已被用来找出那些书已被视为精神上的文字，其中所有其他测量发现属次要价值在一般教会使用。
Both Jews and Christians have canons of scripture.犹太人和基督徒有大炮的经文。 The Jewish canon consists of thirty-nine books; the Christian consists of sixty-six for Protestants and eighty for Catholics (whose canon includes the Apocrypha, regarded by most as of deuterocanonical status).犹太佳能组成39书籍;基督徒组成， 66为新教徒和80天主教徒（其佳能包括apocrypha ，把大多数的次经地位） 。 Sacred books are found in all literate religions.神圣的书籍发现，在所有识字的宗教。 The book is generally secondary to the faith, the book or books being a deposit of the faith.这本书是一般中学，以信仰，这本书不唯书，作为存款的信心。 The use of a canon varies in world religions, for liturgy, renewal of faith, evangelism, or authority in faith and practice.使用一种不同，佳能在世界宗教，礼仪中，重建的信仰，传福音，或权威的信仰与实践结合起来。
The process by which these books came to be generally regarded as exclusively authoritative is not known for either the Hebrew or Christian canon.过程中，其中这两本书后来被普遍视为独家权威性，是不知道无论是希伯莱或基督教佳能。 That it transpired under the influence of the Spirit of God is commonly accepted among Christian people.这一个时期，它的影响下，上帝的精神是被普遍接受的基督教之间的人。 Inspiried literature formed only a part of the total religious literature of God's people at any time in their history, and only a portion of the inspired literature finally emerged as canonical in all parts of the ancient world. inspiried文学的形成只是一个部份总宗教文献上帝的人在任何时候，在其历史上，只有一部份的灵感文学终于出炉了，作为典型在全国各地的古代世界。 All inspired literature was authoritative, but it was not all equally beneficial to local groups and thus did not achieve universal or empire-wide acceptance.所有的灵感文学权威，但它并非全部，同样有利于当地群体，因此也没有实现普及或帝国的广泛认可。 That is to say, local lists of books were not necessarily identical with the general list, the canon, which eventually consisted of the books common to all the local lists.这就是说，当地的书籍列表不一定相同，与一般清单后，佳能公司，并最终构成了书籍的共同所有本地名单。
Subsequent to the composition of the Pentateuch, it is recorded that Joshua wrote in the book of the law of God (Josh. 24:26).随后，以组成部分pentateuch ，它记载了约书亚写在书中的法神（ josh. 24:26 ） 。 The law was always considered to be from God (Deut. 31:24; Josh. 1:8).该法在一向被认为是来自上帝（申命记31:24 ;乔什。 1:8 ） 。 The other two divisions of the Hebrew canon, the prophets and writings, were eventually selected out of a larger literature, some of which is mentioned in the OT itself ("book of the Wars of the Lord," Num. 21:14; "book of Jasher," Josh. 10:13; "book of the Acts of Solomon," 1 Kings 11:41; "book of Samuel the seer, book of Nathan the prophet, book of Gad the seer," 1 Chr. 29:29, etc.; fifteen or more such books are named in the OT).其他两个师在希伯来佳能，先知和著述，最终筛选出一个更大的文学，其中有些是提到，在城市旅游局本身（ "书的战争的主， "序号。 21时14分" ;本书的jasher ， "乔什。 10:13 ， "书的行为所罗门， " 1国王11时41分， "周易塞缪尔的季节能效比，帐簿弥敦道的先知，帐簿总装的预言者， " 1人权委员会29 ： 29 ，等等;十五年或更多这类书籍是名单中，城市旅游局） 。
The oldest surviving list of the cannonical scriptures of the OT comes from about AD 170, the product of a Christian scholar named Melito of Sardis, who made a trip to Palestine to determine both the order and number of books in the Hebrew Bible.现存最古老的名单中的典型经文的城市旅游局，来自约170个专案，产品的一个基督教学者命名melito的sardis ，他们作出了前往巴勒斯坦，以确定双方的秩序和一些书籍，在希伯来语圣经。 Neither his order nor his contents agree exactly with our modern English Bibles.既不是他的命令，也没有他的同意，内容正好与我们的现代英语圣经。 There is no agreement in order or content in the existing manuscripts of Hebrew, Greek, or Latin Bibles.有没有协议，在命令或内容，在现有的手稿的希伯来文，希腊文，或拉丁语圣经。 The modern English Protestant Bible follows the order of the Latin Vulgate and the content of the Hebrew Bible.现代英语新教圣经如下命令的拉美vulgate和内容的希伯来语圣经。 It is important to remember that the OT was more than a thousand years in writing, the oldest parts being written by Moses and the latest after the Babylonian exile.它是重要的是要记住职能治疗多于1000年，在写作，最古老的部分，写的摩西和最新之后，巴比伦放逐。 During the entire period of biblical history, therefore, the Jews lived their faith without a closed canon of Scriptures, such a canon therefore not being essential to the practice of the Jewish religion during that time.在整个时期内的圣经历史，因此，犹太人住自己的信念，没有一个封闭佳能的经文，例如佳能，因此不会被必不可少的实践犹太宗教在这段时间。 Why then were the books finally collected into a canon?为什么当时的书籍，终于搜集到佳能？ They were brought together evidently as an act of God's providence, historically prompted by the emergence of apocryphal and pseudepigraphical literature in the intertestamental period and the increasing need to know what the limits of divine revelation were.他们聚集在一起，显然是一个上帝的旨意的普罗维登斯，从历史上看，促使所出现的猜测和pseudepigraphical文学中的intertestamental期和越来越有必要知道哪些界限神启示人。 By the time of Jesus the OT, called Tanaach by modern Judaism, consisted of the law, prophets, and writings (the first book of which was the Psalms, Luke 24:44).经过一段时期的耶稣职能治疗，所谓tanaach现代犹太教，包括法律，先知，和著作（第一本书的是诗篇，路加福音24:44 ） 。 Opinions about the full extent of the cannon seem not to have been finalized until sometime after the first century AD意见，最大限度的火炮似乎并没有已经定稿，直到一段时间后，公元一世纪
The fact that other books formed a larger deposit out of which the twenty-seven eventually emerged is seen in the reference to a prior letter to the Corinthians in 1 Cor.事实上，其他书籍，形成了较大的存列，其中07年，最终出现了被认为是在参考了前一封信给哥林多前书1肺心病。 5:9, a letter to the Laodiceans in Col. 4:16, and the inclusion of 1 and II Clement in the fifth century manuscript of the Greek NT, Codex Alexandrinus, as well as Barnabas and Hermas in the fourth century Codex Sinaiticus. 5时09分，写信给laodiceans在上校4时16分，并列入一和二克莱门特在五世纪的手稿，希腊新台币，食品法典委员会alexandrinus ，以及巴纳巴斯和hermas在第四世纪法典sinaiticus 。 Eusebius cited a letter from the second century Bishop of Corinth, Dionysius, stating that Clement's letter was read in the church there "from time to time for our admonition" (Ecclesiastical History IV.23.11).尤西比乌斯列举了一封信，从公元二世纪的主教科林斯，狄奥尼修斯，说明克莱门特的信宣读了在教会中有" ，不时为我们谏" （教会历史iv.23.11 ） 。
The formation of the NT canon was not a conciliar decision.形成新台币佳能不是conciliar决定。 The earliest ecumenical council, Nicaea in 325, did not discuss the canon.最早的基督教会，的尼西亚在325 ，没有讨论佳能。 The first undisputed decision of a council on the canon seems to be from Carthage in 397, which decreed that nothing should be read in the church under the name of the divine Scriptures except the canonical writings.第一个不争的决定，一会就佳能似乎是从迦太基在397名，其中颁布的，不应作出任何看过在教会的名义下，神圣的经文，除典型著作。 Then the twentyseven books of the NT are listed as the canonical writings.那么， 27帐簿新台币被列为全国典型著作。 The council could list only those books that were generally regarded by the consensus of use as properly a canon.安理会可以只列出这些书籍被普遍认为是由共识的用途妥善佳能。 The formation of the NT canon must, therefore, be regarded as a process rather than an event, and a historical rather than a biblical matter.形成了佳能新台币，因此，必须被视为一个过程，而不是一个事件，一个历史的，而不是一个圣经事。 The coming of the Word of God in print is only slightly more capable of explication than the coming of the Word of God incarnate.未来的上帝的话，在打印只是略高于更有能力的解说比的到来，天主的圣言成肉身。
JR
McRay两人mcray
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
BF Westcott, A
General Survey of the History of the Canon of the NT; CR Gregory, The Canon and
Text of the NT; A. Souter, The Text and Canon of the NT; EJ Goodspeed, The
Formation of the NT; RM Grant, The Formation of the NT; PR Ackroyd and CF Evans,
eds., The Cambridge History of the Bible, I; H. von Campenhausen, The Formation
of the Christian Bible; RL Harris, Inspiration and Canonicity of the Bible; WR
Farmer, Jesus and the Gospel; W. Brueggemann, The Creative Word; JA Sanders,
Torah and Canon and "Text and Canon: Concepts and Methods," JBL 98:5-29; AC
Sundberg, Jr., "Canon Muratori: A Fourth Century List," HTR 66:1-41; SZ Leiman,
The Canon and Massorah of the Hebrew Bible; HE Ryle, The Canon of the
OT.高炉westcott ，一般的调查研究的历史，以及佳能的新台币;铬格雷戈里，佳能和文本新台币;甲Souter ） ，对文本和佳能的新台币;
goodspeed对EJ
，形成新台币;马币补助金，可以形成新台币;公关ackroyd和CF埃文斯合编，剑桥历史上的圣经，我;每小时冯坎彭豪森，形成基督教圣经;研究部主管哈里斯，灵感和正规的圣经;西铁农，耶稣福音小brueggemann
，创意词; JA部桑德斯，律法和佳能公司和"文本和佳能：概念和方法， " jbl 98:5-29 ;交流电sundberg前些日子， "佳能muratori
：四世纪清单中， "高温气冷堆66:1-41 ;深圳leiman ，佳能和massorah的希伯来语圣经，他ryle ，佳能的职能治疗。
This word is derived from a Hebrew and Greek word denoting a reed or cane.这个字是来自希伯来语和希腊语词指芦苇或拐杖。 Hence it means something straight, or something to keep straight; and hence also a rule, or something ruled or measured.因此，这意味着一些直线，还是保持直线;因而也是一项规则，或排除或衡量。 It came to be applied to the Scriptures, to denote that they contained the authoritative rule of faith and practice, the standard of doctrine and duty.它后来被应用到经文，是指他们载有权威的法治信仰与实践，标准的学说和义务。 A book is said to be of canonical authority when it has a right to take a place with the other books which contain a revelation of the Divine will.一本书，据说是典型的权力时，它有权采取地方与其他书籍，其中包含一个启示的神的意志。 Such a right does not arise from any ecclesiastical authority, but from the evidence of the inspired authorship of the book.这种权利并不存在，从任何教会权威，但是从证据的启发，作者这本书。
The canonical (ie, the inspired) books of the Old and New Testaments, are a complete rule, and the only rule, of faith and practice.典型（即激发）的书籍旧约及新约，是一个完整的规则，只有规则，信仰和实践。 They contain the whole supernatural revelation of God to men.它们包含整个超自然的启示上帝给男人。 The New Testament Canon was formed gradually under divine guidance.新约圣经佳能是逐渐形成下神圣的指导。 The different books as they were written came into the possession of the Christian associations which began to be formed soon after the day of Pentecost; and thus slowly the canon increased till all the books were gathered together into one collection containing the whole of the twenty-seven New Testament inspired books.不同的书籍，因为他们写来将藏有基督教团体开始形成后不久五旬节;从而慢慢佳能增加，直至所有的书籍则纠合在一起，成为一个收集含有整个第二十五7个新约圣经的启发书籍。
Historical evidence shows that from about the middle of the second century this New Testament collection was substantially such as we now possess.历史证据表明，从约中的第二个世纪这个新约全书收集大幅例如，我们现在已经拥有。 Each book contained in it is proved to have, on its own ground, a right to its place; and thus the whole is of divine authority.每一本书所载的，而且事实证明，对自己的地面，有权取而代之;所以整个是神圣的权威。 The Old Testament Canon is witnessed to by the New Testament writers.旧约佳能见证，由新约圣经的作家。 Their evidence is conclusive.他们的证据是决定性的结论。 The quotations in the New from the Old are very numerous, and the references are much more numerous.引文在新的从旧的都非常多不胜数，并参照明显的多。 These quotations and references by our Lord and the apostles most clearly imply the existence at that time of a well-known and publicly acknowledged collection of Hebrew writings under the designation of "The Scriptures;" "The Law and the Prophets and the Psalms;" "Moses and the Prophets," etc.这些报价，并参考我们的主与门徒最清楚意味着存在，在这个时候，一个众所周知的，并公开承认收集希伯来语著作根据指定的"经文" ， "法律与先知和诗篇" ; "摩西和先知"等。
The appeals to these books, moreover, show that they were regarded as of divine authority, finally deciding all questions of which they treat; and that the whole collection so recognized consisted only of the thirty-nine books which we now posses.上诉到这些书，而且，显示出他们的被视为神圣的权力，最后决定所有问题，其中他们对待，并认为整个收集，以便确认才产生了39书籍，我们现在拥有的。 Thus they endorse as genuine and authentic the canon of the Jewish Scriptures.因此，他们赞同把真正和正宗佳能的犹太圣经。 The Septuagint Version (qv) also contained every book we now have in the Old Testament Scriptures.该septuagint版本（请参阅） ，也包含每本书我们现在有在旧约圣经。 As to the time at which the Old Testament canon was closed, there are many considerations which point to that of Ezra and Nehemiah, immediately after the return from Babylonian exile.至于时间，在这旧约佳能公司被关闭，有很多的考虑因素，其中一点就是以斯拉和尼希米记，之后立即返回，从巴比伦放逐。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
Canon Law (Greek kanon,"rule" or "measure"), usually, the body of legislation of various Christian churches dealing with matters of constitution or discipline.佳能法（希腊语kanon ， "法治"或"措施" ） ，在通常情况下，身体的立法各基督教会处理的事项宪法或纪律。 Although all religions have regulations, the term applies mainly to the formal systems of the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican communions.虽然所有的宗教都规定，有关条款适用，主要是向正规系统的罗马天主教，东正教，圣公会communions 。 It is distinguished from civil or secular law, but conflict can arise in areas of mutual concern (for example, marriage and divorce).这是区别于民事或世俗法，但冲突可以出现在共同关心的领域（例如，结婚和离婚） 。
The full range of canon law in contemporary times may be seen in the Roman Catholic church, which promulgated a revised code for its Latin, or Western, members in 1983 and has projected a first-ever code for its Eastern communicants.全套佳能法在当代倍，可视为在罗马天主教会，颁布了修订后的工作守则供其拉丁语，还是西方，议员在1983年，预计第一次代号为在其东部者。 The planned Lex Fundamentalis setting forth the constitutive or organizational principles common to both proved to be inopportune.计划法fundamentalis设置提出构或组织的共同原则都被证明是不合时宜。 The 1983 (Latin) Code of Canon Law promulgated by the authority of Pope John Paul II consists of seven books for a total of 1752 canons. 1983年（拉丁语）代码教会法颁布的权威教宗若望保禄二世共分七书籍共1752名门炮。 Each book is divided into titles, but in the larger books the titles are grouped in parts and even in sections.每一本书共分为头衔，但在较大的书籍名称，一组在部分，甚至在部分。
Laws of the church as well as those of the state bind their subjects in conscience.法律的教会人士，以及该国的约束力加强学科建设，在良心。 The obligation in conscience does not arise immediately from the laws themselves but from the divine plan, in which people are envisioned as living in both a civil and an ecclesiastical society.责任在良心并不存在，立即从法律本身，而是来自神的计划，在人们所设想的作为生活在既是一个公民和一个教会的社会。 Church and state are the judges of what is necessary to realize the common good.教会与国家是法官最需要的是什么，以实现共同富裕。 Their laws carry a legal obligation of greater or lesser weight, depending on the importance of specific statutes in achieving that end.其法律履行法定义务或大或小的重量，视重要性具体章程，在实现这一目的。
The Code of Canon Law itself lays down certain principles of interpretation.该守则的教会法本身规定了某些原则的解释。 Laws that impose a penalty, for example, or restrict the free exercise of rights, or contain an exception from the law are to be strictly interpreted.法律施加刑罚，例如，或限制自由权利的行使，或载有一个例外，从法律，以严格解释。 In canon law, unlike common law, an interpretation given by a court in a judicial sentence does not set a precedent; it has no force of law and binds only those persons affected.在教会法，不同于常见的法律，解释，由法院在司法判决并不开创了一个先例，它已不具有法律效力的约束，只有那些受影响的人士。 For an authentic interpretation of the code, a special Roman commission was established in 1917.对于一个真实的解释，该守则的，一个特殊的罗马委员会成立于1917年。
The oldest Greek canonical collection preserved in the original text is the Synagoge Canonum (550?) in 50 titles by Johannes Scholasticus.最古老的希腊正收集保存在原文是synagoge canonum （ 550 ？ ） ，在50个题目，由约翰内斯scholasticus 。 Instead of a chronological arrangement, the canons are grouped systematically according to subject matter.而不是顺序的安排，门炮一组，有系统地按照此事。 Another innovation was the accordance of canonical authority to rulings of church fathers, especially St. Basil.另一项创新是按照典型的权力裁决教堂的父亲，尤其是圣罗勒。 The Council of Trullo (692), in giving formal approval to the preceding conciliar legislation and patristic writings, established the basic code for the Eastern churches that is still normative for the Orthodox.安理会的trullo （ 692 ） ，在正式批准前conciliar立法和教父的著作，确立了基本准则，为东部地区的教堂，这仍然是规范为东正教。
In the West, the most important canonical collection of the early centuries was made in the 6th century by Dionysius Exiguus.在西方，最重要的典型收集早期几百年了在50-59世纪狄奥尼修斯exiguus 。 He translated into Latin the canons of the Eastern councils and added 39 papal decretals.他翻译成拉丁语该炮的东区议会和补充， 39个教皇decretals 。 The rulings of the popes were thus put on a level with conciliar law.裁决的教宗，因此放到了一个层面conciliar法。 After the disintegration of the Roman Empire, canon law developed independently in the different kingdoms.解体后的罗马帝国，佳能依法自主开发的，在不同的王国。 National collections were made in which local legislation, intermingled with elements of Germanic law, were added to the ancient code.国家馆藏发了言，在地方立法，交织要素日耳曼法，又增加了古代代码。 Because conciliar activity was particularly intense in Spain, the collection known as the Hispana (later called the Isidoriana after St. Isidore of Seville) proved to be outstanding.因为conciliar活动尤为激烈，在西班牙，收集称之为hispana （后来被称为isidoriana后，圣伊西多尔的塞维利亚） ，被证明是优秀的。 Of great significance for the future was the institution of the practice of private penance by the Irish monks.具有十分重要的意义，为今后的是该机构的做法，私人忏悔了由爱尔兰僧侣。
Collections made at the time of Charlemagne (800?) and the Gregorian reform (1050?) reflect the attempt to restore traditional discipline.收藏在当时的查理曼（ 800 ？ ）和格列高利改革（ 1050 ？ ）反映，企图恢复传统的纪律。 Great confusion persisted, however, insofar as certain practices accepted in the Germanic law and the penitentials (for example, remarriage after adultery) were in conflict with the program of the reformers.极大的混乱持续下去，不过，对于某些做法，在接受了日耳曼法和penitentials （例如，再婚之后通奸） ，在冲突与程序的改革者。 Ivo of Chartres prepared (1095?) a set of rules and principles for interpreting and harmonizing texts.伊沃的chartres准备（ 1095 ？ ）一套规则和原则，用以诠释和统一的文本。 The actual work of harmonization was done (1140?) by Gratian, who is called the father of the science of canon law.实际工作中的协调工作（ 1140 ？ ） gratian ，他们被称为父亲的，科学的教会法。 Shortly after the revival of Roman law studies at the University of Bologna, Gratian collected all the canon law from the earliest popes and councils up to the Second Lateran Council (1139) in his Decretum, or Concordance of Discordant Canons.不久后复活的罗马法研究，在博洛尼亚大学， gratian收集所有教会法，从最早的教皇和议会落实第二次lateran会（ 1139 ）在他的decretum ，或语词的不和谐的大炮。 With its appearance the period of the ius antiquum came to a close.其外观时期的学生联合会antiquum来到了帷幕。
The scientific study of law stimulated by the Decretum encouraged the papacy to resolve disputed points and supply needed legislation, thus inaugurating the ius novum. Over the next century thousands of papal decretals were issued and gradually collected in five compilationes.科学学法刺激所decretum鼓励教宗以解决争议点，并提供所需的法例，从而开创了学生联合会novum超过下个世纪的数以千计的教皇decretals发行，并逐步搜集五个compilationes 。 Compilatio Tertia, consisting of decretals from the first 12 years of his reign, was ordered by Innocent III in 1210 to be used in courts and law schools, thus becoming the first collection in the West to be officially promulgated. compilatio tertia ，构成decretals从第12年，他在位的，是由无辜的第三第1210将用于在法院和法律学校，从而成为首个集，在西方被正式颁布。 Gregory IX commissioned Raymond of Peñafort to organize the five compilationes in one collection, which was promulgated in 1234 and became known as the Extravagantes. Two other official collections were made later: the Liber Sextus (1298) of Boniface VIII and the Constitutiones Clementinae (1317).格雷戈里第九委托雷蒙德peñafort举办五compilationes在一个收集，其中颁布的1234年，并成为众所周知的，因为extravagantes两名其他官方收藏后作： liber sextus （第1298 ）的博尼法斯八和constitutiones clementinae （ 1317 ） 。 The Extravagantes of John XXII and the Extravagantes Communes were privately compiled.该extravagantes约翰二十二和extravagantes公社私下汇编。 In 1503 the legist Jean Chappuis printed and published in Paris, under the title Corpus Juris Canonici, the Decretum of Gratian and the three official and two private collections of decretals.在1503年该legist让chappuis印刷和出版，在巴黎，标题下的法典canonici ， decretum的gratian和3名官方和两个私人收藏的decretals 。 The Corpus, along with the decrees of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), remained the fundamental law of the Roman Catholic church until the Codex Iuris Canonici appeared in 1917.语料库，随着法令安理会的遄达（ 1545至1563年） ，仍然是根本大法的罗马天主教教堂，直到法典iuris canonici出现在1917年。 The Corpus continues to have some validity for the Church of England, which issued a Code of Canons in 1603.胼仍然有一些有效期为英国教会，发表了反码的门炮，在1603年。 The medieval law is presupposed except where it has been affected by contrary statute or custom in England.中世纪法是假定除非它受到影响，相反规约或习惯，在英格兰。 The Convocations of Canterbury and York in 1964 and 1969 promulgated a revised code with the same understanding.该convocations的坎特伯雷和约克在1964年和1969年颁布了修订后的工作守则与上年理解。
After the theological updating of the Second Vatican Council, it became necessary for the Roman Catholic church to thoroughly revise the 1917 code.后神学更新梵蒂冈第二届大公会议，它已成为必要为罗马天主教会彻底修改1917年守则。 A special commission was established in 1963, which in 1980 presented the draft of a completely new code.一个特别委员会成立于1963年，其中在1980年提交的草案中的一个完全新的代码。 Pope John Paul II, after making a number of revisions, promulgated it on January 25, 1983; it took effect on November 27, 1983.教宗若望保禄二世，在做了一些修改意见，颁布于1983年1月25日，它开始生效， 1983年11月27日。
Plans have been under way since a presynodal meeting at Chambésy, Switzerland, in November 1976 for the first Great Synod of Eastern Orthodoxy to be held since the 8th century.计划一直在进行之中，因为presynodal会议Chambésy的，瑞士，在1976年11月为第一大主教的正统东部将举行自8世纪。 Among the topics for further study is the codification of the Holy Canons.主题之一，为进一步研究是编纂的圣门炮。
John Edward Lynch约翰爱德华林奇
The word "canon" derives from the Greek kanon meaning "measuring rod," "rule," "list."两个字： "佳能"来自希腊语kanon意思是"测量棒" ， "治" ， "清单" 。 Hence canon law may be simply defined as the rules of the church for purposes of order, ministry, and discipline.因此，教会法，可简单地定义为规则的教会为宗旨的命令，部，和纪律。 At first these consisted of ad hoc pronouncements by leaders or councils in a local setting.起初，这些组成专案言论领导人或议会在当地设置。 Particularly important were those which came from the greater centers, and especially the canons adopted at Nicaea (AD 325).尤其重要的是那些来自大中心，特别是大炮所通过的尼西亚（公元325 ） 。 Indeed, it was not long before canons were put out under the name of the apostles or great figures of the first centuries, and a necessary process of collection and codification continued through the Dark Ages, with much standardization in the West under Charlemagne.的确，这是前不久门炮分别推出的名义下，使徒们或伟大人物的第一世纪，也是一个必要的过程，搜集和编纂工作一直持续到黑暗的中世纪，许多标准化的，在西方，根据查理曼。 Gratian was the man who brought this process to a virtual culmination in the Roman communion with his famous Decretum (AD 1140), which underlies the developed study of canon law in the Middle Ages and is the basis of the modern Corpus iuris canonici. gratian被人带来这个过程中，以一个虚拟的高潮在罗马共融与他的著名decretum （公元1140 ） ，其中强调了发达国家的研究教会法在中世纪，是根据现代语料库iuris canonici 。 The Protestant churches have naturally disowned this whole body of legislation and generally avoid the terms "canon" or "canon law," but insofar as any church must make rules for the ordering of its life and work, various forms of canon law are naturally found in all churches.新教教会有自然六亲不认这全身的立法和一般避免而言， "佳能" ， "佳能"的规定，但是对于任何教会必须制定规则，为订购的，其生活和工作中，各种形式的教会法，自然发现在所有教堂。
GW
Bromiley毛重罗米立
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
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