The Hail Mary (sometimes called the "Angelical salutation", sometimes, from the first words in its Latin form, the "Ave Maria") is the most familiar of all the prayers used by the Universal Church in honour of our Blessed Lady.冰雹玛丽（有时被称为" angelical称呼" ，有时，从第一次的话，在它的拉丁语形式， "圣母颂" ）是最熟悉的所有祈祷用的普世教会中的荣誉，我们祝福她。
It is commonly described as consisting of three parts.人们普遍形容为构成分为三个部分。 The first, "Hail (Mary) full of grace, the Lord is with thee, blessed art thou amongst women", embodies the words used by the Angel Gabriel in saluting the Blessed Virgin (Luke, I, 28).第一， "冰雹（玛丽）充满恩典，耶和华是祢的，是有福あ妇女" ，体现了用字，由天使加布里埃尔在敬礼圣方（路，我， 28 ） 。 The second, "and blessed is the fruit of thy womb (Jesus)" , is borrowed from the Divinely inspired greeting of St. Elizabeth (Luke, i, 42), which attaches itself the more naturally to the first part, because the words "benedicta tu in mulieribus" (I, 28) or "inter mulieres" (I, 42) are common to both salutations.第二， "有福了，是果你的子宫（耶稣） " ，是借自神圣的贺圣伊丽莎白（路，我， 42岁） ，它本身的重视，更自然，以第一部分，因为字" benedicta涂在mulieribus " （一， 28 ）或"跨mulieres " （一， 42岁）是常见的两种salutations 。 Finally, the petition "Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death. Amen." is stated by the official "Catechism of the Council of Trent" to have been framed by the Church itself.最后，请愿书"圣玛利亚，天主之母，请为我们祈祷的罪人，现在，并在一小时的，我们死亡。阿民" ，是按官方的"讲授的安理会的遄达"已被诬陷由教会本身。 "Most rightly", says the Catechism, "has the Holy Church of God added to this thanksgiving, petition also and the invocation of the most holy Mother of God, thereby implying that we should piously and suppliantly have recourse to her in order that by her intercession she may reconcile God with us sinners and obtainfor us the blessing we need both for this present life and for the life which has no end." "最正确" ，说理讲授， "圣教会的神加上今年的感恩节，请愿书中也并引用最圣洁的上帝之母，从而暗示我们应该虔诚和suppliantly求助于她，以便通过她的干涉，她可以调和神与我们的罪人，并obtainfor我们的祝福，我们既需要为这现在的生活，为生活有没有终点" 。
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In point of fact
there is little or no trace of the Hail Mary as an accepted devotional formula
before about from certain versicles and responsories occurring in the Little
Office or Cursus of the Blessed Virgin which just at that time was coming into
favour among the monastic
orders.这一点其实没有或很少有微量的冰雹玛丽作为一个接受灵公式之前，大约从某些versicles和responsories发生在小办公室或cursus的圣方刚刚在那个时候是进入反对者之间的寺院订单。
Two Anglo-Saxon manuscripts at the
British Museum, one of which may be as old as the year 1030, show that the words
"Ave Maria" etc. and "benedicta tu in mulieribus et benedictus fructus ventris
tui" occurred in almost every part of the Cursus, and though we cannot be sure
that these clauses were at first joined together so as to make one prayer, there
is conclusive evidence that this had come to pass only a very little
later.两个盎格鲁-撒克逊人的手稿在大英博物馆，其中之一可能是由于旧的一年1030 ，显示字样"圣母颂"等，并且"
benedicta涂在mulieribus等benedictus药材云地利推"发生在几乎每一个组成部分该cursus
，虽然我们不能肯定的是，这些条文都是在第一次连接起来，从而使一个祷告，有确凿的证据证明这已经到了只能通过一个非常小。 (See "The Month", Nov., 1901, pp.
486-8.) The great collections of Mary-legends which began to be formed in the
early years of the twelfth century (see Mussafia, "Marien-legenden") show us
that this salutation of our Lady was fast becoming widely prevalent as a form of
private devotion, though it is not quite certain how far it was customary to
include the clause "and blessedis the fruit of thy womb". （见"一个月" ， 11月，
1901年，第486-8 ）大集合玛丽-传说开始，以形成在最初几年的12世纪（见mussafia ， " marien - legenden "
）显示我们认为，这个称呼的圣母正在迅速成为广为流行的一种形式的私人奉献，但我们并不十分肯定多远，它是习惯，以包括条款" ，并blessedis果你的子宫"
。 But Abbot
Baldwin, a Cistercian who was made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1184, wrote
before this date a sort of paraphrase of the Ave Maria in which he
says:但住持鲍德温，一个修道院中，他们取得了坎特伯雷大主教在1184年写道，在此日期之前的一种意译的圣母颂他在其中说：
To this salutation of the Angel, by which we daily greet the most Blessed Virgin, with such devotion as we may, we are accustomed to add the words, "and blessed is the fruit of thy womb," by which clause Elizabeth at a later time, on hearing the Virgin's salutation to her, caught up and completed, as it were, the Angel's words, saying: "Blessed are thou amongst women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb."这个称呼的天使，而我们每天都迎来了最有福处女，这样的奉献，因为我们五月，我们习惯于以字后面加上" ，并祝福是果你的子宫里， "其中第伊丽莎白在稍后当时，一听到处女的称呼她说，赶上了，并完成了，因为它被天使的话，他们说： "有福你是妇女和有福了，是果你的子宫" 。
Not long after this (c. 1196) we meet a synodal decree of Eudes de Sully, Bishop of Paris, enjoining upon the clergy the see that the "Salutation of the Blessed Virgin" was familiarly known to their flocks as well as the Creed and the Lord's Prayer; and after this date similar enactments become frequent in every part of the world, beginning in England with the Synod of Durham in 1217.没多久后，今（丙第1196 ） ，我们遇到了一个主教会议的法令eudes德玷污主教，巴黎，吩咐后，神职人员在看到"称呼的小圣" familiarly众所周知，他们的鸡群以及为信条，并主祷文和在此日期后类似的成文法变得频繁，在每一个世界的一部分，开始在英格兰与主教的达勒姆在1217年。
It was often made
a subject of reproach against the Catholics by the Reformers that the Hail Mary
which they so constantly repeated was not properly a
prayer.它往往受到很多非议对天主教徒所改革者认为冰雹玛丽他们如此不断重复，是不妥当的祈祷。 It was a greeting which contained no
petition (see. eg Latimer, Works, II,
229-230).这是一个迎接，其中载有没有请愿考察（见例如拉蒂默工程，二， 229-230 ） 。 This objection would seem to have long
been felt, and as a consequence it was uncommon during the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries for those who recited their Aves privately to add some
clause at the end, after the words "ventris tui
Jesus".这一反对似乎早已感受到，并作为一个后果，这是罕见的，在第十四和第十五百年对于那些吟诵自己的鸟类私下补充一些条款上月底，在"云地利，吊耶稣"
。 Traces of this
practice meet us particularly in the verse paraphrases of the Ave which date
from this period.的痕迹，这种做法符合我们特别是在新诗段是该路的日期是从这个时期。 The most famous of these is that
attributed, though incorrectly, to Dante, and belonging in any case to the first
half of the fourteenth
century.最有名的是，归因于，虽然错了，但丁，和归属感，在任何情况下，以上半年的14世纪。 In this paraphrase the Hail Mary ends
with the following words:在这意译冰雹玛丽两端与以下文字：
O Vergin benedetta, sempre tu o原始benedetta ， sempre涂
Ora per noi a Dio, che ci perdoni, +每越南一的DIO ，鸿词佩尔多尼，
E diaci grazia a viver si quaggiu e diaci Grazia "一viver硅quaggiu
Che'l paradiso al nostro fin ci doni; che'l天堂nostro铝翅片词doni ;(Oh blessed Virgin, pray to God for us always, that He may pardon us and give us grace, so to live here below that He may reward us with paradise at our death.) （哦，有福处女，向上帝祈祷，让我们一如既往地表示，他可以原谅我们，给我们的恩典，所以住在这里下面，他可能会奖励我们的天堂在我们的死刑） 。
Comparing the versions of the Ave existing in various languages, eg Italian, Spanish, German, Provençal, we find that there is a general tendency to conclude with an appeal for sinners and especially for help at the hour of death.比较不同版本的大道，在现有的各种语言，如意大利语，西班牙语，德语， provençal ，我们发现有一个总的趋势，以缔结一项呼吁，为罪人，特别是为帮助在一小时的死因。 Still a good deal of variety prevailed in these forms of petition.仍是一个好的交易品种普遍存在的这些形式的请愿书。 At the close of the fifteenth century there was not any officially approved conclusion, though a form closely resembling our present one was sometimes designated as "the prayer of Pope Alexander VI" (see "Der Katholik", April, 1903, p. 334), and was engraved separately on bells (Beisesel, "Verehrung Maria", p. 460).结束时， 15世纪，现在还没有任何正式批准的结论，虽然形式相似的，我们现在有时被指定为"祈祷的教皇亚历山大六" （见"明镜katholik " ， 4月， 1903年，页334 ） ，并分别镌刻于贝尔（ beisesel ， " verehrung玛利亚" ，第460名） 。 But for liturgical purposes the Ave down to the year 1568 ended with "Jesus, Amen", and an observation in the "Myroure of our Ldy" written for the Bridgettine nuns of Syon, clearly indicates the generally feeling.但为礼仪宗旨大道，下至第1568年结束与"耶稣，阿门" ，并观察记录在" myroure我们ldy "书面为bridgettine尼姑西品，清楚地表明了普遍的感觉。 "Some saye at the begynnyng of this salutacyon Ave benigne Jesu and some saye after `Maria mater Dei', with other addycyons at the ende also. And such thinges may be saide when folke saye their Aves of theyr own devocyon. But in the servyce of the chyrche, I trowe it to be moste sewer and moste medeful (ie meritorious) to obey the comon use of saying, as the chyrche hath set, without all such addicions." "有些saye在begynnyng本salutacyon大道贝尼涅jesu和一些saye后`玛丽亚材料dei ' ，与其他addycyons在恩德，也和这种thinges可能的伤痕时，福尔克贝纳saye其鸟类的theyr自己devocyon ，但在servyce该chyrche ，我trowe它成为moste渠和moste medeful （即有功） ，以服从comon使用的话说，由于chyrche祂所定，如果没有所有这些addicions " 。
We meet the Ave as we know it now, printed in the breviary of the Camaldolese monks, and in that of the Order de Mercede c.我们满足大道，因为我们知道，现在，印在breviary的camaldolese僧侣，在这方面该命令德mercede长 1514. 1514号决议。 Probably this, the current form of Ave, came from Italy, and Esser asserts that it is to be found written exactly as we say it now in the handwriting of St. Antoninus of Florence who died in 1459.这大概，目前形式的大道，全是来自意大利，并esser声称，它是被发现的书面正是因为我们说，现在在手写圣antoninus佛罗伦萨死于1459年。 This, however, is doubtful.不过，这点令人怀疑。 What is certain is that an Ave Maria identical with our own, except for the omission of the single word nostrae , stands printed at the head of the little work of Savonarola's issued in 1495, of which there is a copy in the British Museum.唯一可以确定的是，一个圣母颂完全相同的，与我们自己的，除了对遗漏的一字一句nostrae ，站在印在头小工作savonarola的，在发出第1495人，其中有一份拷贝，在大英博物馆。 Even earlier than this, in a French edition of the "Calendar of Shepherds" which appeared in is repeated in Pynson's English translation a few years later in the form: "Holy Mary moder of God praye for us synners. Amen. ".甚至早于本，在一个法语版的"日历牧羊人" ，这似乎是在重复pynson的英语翻译数年后，在表格： "圣玛利亚现代上帝praye我们synners 。阿民 " 。 In an illustration which appears in the same book, the pope and the whole Church are depicted kneeling before our Lady and greeting her with this third part of the Ave.在一个例子，其中出现在同一本书，教宗和整个教会都描绘跪在面前，我们夫人和迎接她与这三部分的大道。 The official recognition of the Ave Maria in its complete form, though foreshadowed in the words of the Catechism of the Council of Trent, as quoted at the beginning of this article, was finally given in the Roman Breviary of 1568.官方承认的圣母颂在其完整的形式，虽然预示字的讲授该理事会的遄达，引述在开始这篇文章，终于在罗马breviary的第1568 。
One or two other points connected with the Hail Mary can only be briefly touched upon.其他的一个或两个点与冰雹玛丽只能简略提及。 It would seem that in the Middle Ages the Ave often become so closely connected with the Pater noster, that it was treated as a sort of farsura , or insertion, before the words et ne nos inducas in tentationem when the Pater noster was said secreto (see several examples quoted in "The Month", Nov., 1901, p. 490).它似乎是在中世纪的大道往往变得如此紧密相连，与父亲noster ，它被视为是一种法尔苏拉 ，或插入，字之前的氦氖等数inducas在tentationem当父亲noster据说秘密 （看到几个例子，在"一个月" ， 11月， 1901年，第490页） 。 The practice of preachers interrupting their sermons near the beginning to say the Ave Maria seems to have been introduced in the Middle Ages and to be of Franciscan origin (Beissel, p. 254).实践布道者打断他们的布道附近，一开始可以说圣母颂似乎已被引入到中世纪，并予以济原产地（ beissel ，页254 ） 。 A curious illustration of its retention among English Catholics in the reign of James II may be found in the "Diary" of Mr. John Thoresby (I, 182).好奇的插图将其保留其中英语天主教徒在统治詹姆斯二世可能会发现，在"日记"的先生约翰thoresby （一， 182号） 。 It may also be noticed that although modern Catholic usage is agreed in favouring the form "the Lord is with thee", this is a comparatively recent development.它也可以看到，虽然现代天主教用法，是通过在有利于形成"上主是与你" ，这是一个较近期的发展。 The more general custom a century ago was to say "our Lord is with thee", and Cardinal Wiseman in one of his essays strongly reprobates change (Essays on Various Subjects, I, 76), characterizing it as "stiff, cantish and destructive of the unction which the prayer breathes".更一般习惯一个世纪前有人说： "我们的主是祢" ，并枢机怀斯曼在他的一个散文强烈reprobates变化（杂文不同学科的，我， 76岁） ，认为这是"木讷， cantish和破坏性的该unction其中祈祷呼吸" 。 Finally it may be noticed that in some places, and notably in Ireland, the feeling still survives that the Hail Mary is complete with the word Jesus.最后，它可能会注意到，在一些地方时有发生，特别是在爱尔兰，感觉依然表示，冰雹玛丽，是完全符合这个词耶稣。 Indeed the writer is informed that within living memory it was not uncommon for Irish peasant, when bidden to say Hail Marys for a penance, to ask whether they were required to say the Holy Marys too.事实上，作者是知情的，那就是在人们的记忆中是不鲜见的爱尔兰农民，当bidden说冰雹。 Marys为忏悔，问他们是否需要说圣地。 Marys太大。 Upon the Ave Maria in the sense of Angelus, see ANGELUS.经圣母颂在意义上的钟，见钟。 On account of its connection with the Angelus, the Ave Maria was often inscribed on bells.考虑到其涉嫌与三钟经，圣母颂往往者编钟。 One such bell at Eskild in Denmark, dating from about the year 1200, bears the Ave Maria engraved upon it in runic characters.这样一个钟在eskild在丹麦，约会从大约一年1200 ，负有圣母颂镌刻后，在它设有字符。 (See Uldall, "Danmarks Middelalderlige Kirkeklokker", Copenhagen, 1906, p. 22.) （见uldall ， " danmarks middelalderlige kirkeklokker " ，哥本哈根， 1906年，第22页） 。
Herbert Thurston赫伯特瑟斯顿
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VII 天主教百科全书，体积七
This subject presentation in the original English language这一主题演讲，在原有的英语
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