Simony is the buying or selling of spiritual things. simony是买入或卖出的精神的东西。 The word is derived from the biblical sorcerer Simon Magus, who attempted to buy spiritual powers from the apostle Peter (see Acts 8:18-24).这个词是来自于圣经的魔法师西蒙magus ，企图购买精神文明权力由使徒彼得（见行为8:18-24 ） 。
Simony was a problem in the Christian church from the time of the Edict of Milan (313), when the church began to accumulate wealth and power, until modern times. simony是一个问题，在基督教教堂的时候，他们在公告中的米兰（ 313 ） ，当教会开始积累财富和权力，直至近代。 This is evident from the frequent legislation against it.这是显而易见的，从频繁的立法反对。 In 451, the Council of Chalcedon proscribed ordination for money; this prohibition was reaffirmed by the Third Lateran Council in 1179 and by the Council of Trent (1545-63).在451中，安理会的chalcedon被禁统筹要钱;这项禁令重申了第三lateran安理会在1179年通过安理会的遄达（ 1545至1563年） 。 Simony was rampant from the 9th to the 11th century. simony是猖獗，从9到11世纪。 During that period simony pervaded church life on every level, from the lower clergy to the papacy.在这期间simony弥漫教会生活的每一个层面，从低神职人员教宗。 At the time of the Reformation, major abuses centered on the sale of indulgences and relics.在时间的改革，主要的弊端为本，对出售indulgences和遗迹。
| BELIEVE Religious Information Source web-site不管相信 宗教 信息 来源 网站 |
| Our List of 1,000 Religious Subjects我们所列出的1000名宗教科目 |
| E-mail电子邮件 |
(From Simon Magus; Acts 8:18-24) （从西门magus ;行为8:18-24 ）
Simony is usually defined "a deliberate intention of buying or selling for a temporal price such things as are spiritual of annexed unto spirituals". simony通常是确定了"故意的买入或卖出一颞价格等事情是精神的所附祂spirituals " 。 While this definition only speaks of purchase and sale, any exchange of spiritual for temporal things is simoniacal.虽然这一定义只谈到买卖，任何交易所的精神，为颞东西是simoniacal 。 Nor is the giving of the temporal as the price of the spiritual required for the existence of simony; according to a proposition condemned by Innocent XI (Denzinger-Bannwart, no. 1195) it suffices that the determining motive of the action of one party be the obtaining of compensation from the other.也不是给予的时间为代价的精神需要的存在simony ;根据一个命题谴责无辜第十一章（登青格- bannwart ，没有。 1195 ） ，这足以说，确定动机的行动的一党索取赔偿对方。
The various temporal advantages which may be offered for a spiritual favour are, after Gregory the Great, usually divided in three classes.各颞优势，可提供一种精神是赞成后，格里高利大，通常分为三个等级。 These are: (1) the munus a manu (material advantage), which comprises money, all movable and immovable property, and all rights appreciable in pecuniary value; (2) the munus a lingua (oral advantage) which includes oral commendation, public expressions of approval, moral support in high places; (3) the munus ab obsequio (homage) which consists in subserviency, the rendering of undue services, etc.这些条件是： （ 1 ） munus一马努（材料优势） ，其中包括金钱，所有动产和不动产，以及所有权利称道的，在金钱上的价值; （ 2 ） munus一语言（口头优势） ，其中包括口头表扬，公开意向书的批准，在道义上的支持，在高的地方; （ 3 ） munus抗体obsequio （参拜） ，其中包括在subserviency ，绘制不必要的服务等。
The spiritual object includes whatever is conducive to the eternal welfare of the soul, ie all supernatural things: sanctifying grace, the sacraments, sacramentals, etc. While according to the natural and Divine laws the term simony is applicable only to the exchange of supernatural treasures for temporal advantages, its meaning has been further extended through ecclesiastical legislation.精神文明对象包括任何有利于永恒福祉的灵魂，即所有超自然的东西： sanctifying恩典，圣礼， sacramentals等，同时根据自然和神圣的法律术语simony只适用于交流超自然的宝藏为颞优势，其内涵得到了进一步延伸，通过宗教立法。 In order to preclude all danger of simony the Church has forbidden certain dealings which did not fall under Divine prohibition.为了排除一切危险simony教会禁止某些交易不属于神的禁令。 It is thus unlawful to exchange ecclesiastical benefices by private authority, to accept any payment whatever for holy oils, to sell blessed rosaries or crucifixes.因此，它是非法的外汇教会benefices由私人机构，接受任何形式的付款，无论为圣油，卖有福rosaries或在十字架上。 Such objects lose, if sold, all the indulgences previously attached to them (S. Cong. Of Indulg., 12 July, 1847).这类物体输了，如果出售，所有indulgences以前重视他们（美国丛的。 indulg ， 1847年7月12日） 。 Simony of ecclesiastical law is, of course a variable element, since the prohibitions of the Church may be abrogated or fall into disuse. simony的教会法的，当然是一个变量的因素，由于禁令的教会可能废止或陷入名存实亡。 Simony whether it be of ecclesiastical or Divine law, may be divided into mental, conventional, and real (simonia mentalis, conventionalis, et realis). simony无论是对教会或神权法，可分为精神，传统，而且目前房地产（ simonia mentalis ， conventionalis等realis ） 。 In mental simony there is lacking the outward manifestation, or, according to others, the approval on the part of the person to whom a proposal is made.在心理simony有欠缺向外表现，或根据其他人的看法，赞成，对部份的人的建议，意见。 In conventional simony an expressed or tacit agreement is entered upon.在常规simony一个明示或默示协议签订后。 It is subdivided into merely conventional, when neither party has fulfilled any of the terms of the agreement, and mixed conventional, when one of the parties has at least partly complied with the assumed obligations.它分为只是常规，当任何一方已经履行任何协议的条款，以及混合常规，当其中一方至少已部分遵守与承担义务。 To the latter subdivision may be referred what has been aptly termed "confidential simony", in which an ecclesiastical benefice is procured for a certain person with the understanding that later he will either resign in favour of the one through whom he obtained the position or divide with him the revenues.关于后者细分可被称作什么已经恰当地称之为"机密simony " ，其中一个教会benefice采购是为某个人达成的谅解是，后来他也将辞职，赞成一个人，通过他得到了立场或鸿沟与他的收入。 Simony is called real when the stipulations of the mutual agreement have been either partly or completely carried out by both parties. simony是所谓真正的时候，规定了双方协议已部分或完全实施，由双方当事人。
To estimate accurately the gravity of simony, which some medieval ecclesiastical writers denounced as the most abominable of crimes, a distinction must be made between the violations of the Divine law, and the dealings contrary to ecclesiastical legislation.估计准确的严重性simony ，一些中世纪的教会作家的谴责，认为是最可恶的罪行，必须加以区分侵犯神圣的法律，以及交易违背了宗教立法。 Any transgression of the law of God in this matter is, objectively considered, grievous in every instance (mortalis ex toto genere suo).任何越轨的上帝的法规，在此问题上，客观地考虑，而悲痛，在每一个实例（ mortalis特惠全文genere锁） 。 For this kind of simony places on a par things supernatural and things natural, things eternal and things temporal, and constitutes a sacrilegious depreciation of Divine treasures.对于这种simony地方，就等同于超自然的事物和自然的事，事情永远不变的东西，颞叶，并构成亵渎折旧神圣的宝物。 The sin can become venial only through the absence of the subjective dispositions required for the commission of a grievous offense.罪恶可以成为venial只有通过没有主观处分权委员会所需的严重罪行。 The merely ecclesiastical prohibitions, however, do not all and under all circumstances impose a grave obligation.仅仅是教会的禁令，不过，不是所有的情况下，都施加一个严重的义务。 The presumption is that the church authority, which, in this connection, sometimes prohibits actions in themselves indifferent, did not intend the law to be grievously binding in minor details.推定的是，教会的权威，其中，在这方面，有时禁止行动，在自己无所谓，不打算依法将严重冲击约束力，在这些小节。 As he who preaches the gospel "should live by the gospel" (1 Corinthians 9:14) but should also avoid even the appearance of receiving temporal payment for spiritual services, difficulties may arise concerning the propriety or sinfulness of remuneration in certain circumstances.正如他的人宣扬福音"的生活应该由福音" （哥林多前书9:14 ） ，但也应避免，甚至出现接收颞金精神文明服务，困难可能出现的关于是否恰当，或罪孽的报酬，在某些情况下。 The ecclesiastic may certainly receive what is offered to him on the occasion of spiritual ministrations, but he cannot accept any payment for the same.教会固然可能得到什么是给他在纪念精神文明ministrations ，但他不能接受任何金额相同的。 The celebration of Mass for money would, consequently, be sinful; but it is perfectly legitimate to accept a stipend offered on such occasion for the support of the celebrant.庆祝弥撒，这笔钱将，因此，被罪孽深重的，但它是完全合法的，接受助学金提供这种场合，为支持该监礼人。 The amount of the stipend, varying for different times and countries, is usually fixed by ecclesiastical authority (SEE STIPEND).该数额的津贴，变不同的时代和国家，通常是固定的，由宗教事务管理局（见津贴） 。 It is allowed to accept it even should the priest be otherwise well-to-do; for he has a right to live from the altar and should avoid becoming obnoxious to other members of the gy.这是不允许接受它，甚至应该神父，否则油井到做到;因为他有生存的权利，从神龛，并应避免变成厌恶对其他成员的照射。 It is simoniacal to accept payment for the exercise of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, eg, the granting of dispensations; but there is nothing improper in demanding from the applicants for matrimonial dispensations a contribution intended partly as a chancery fee and partly as a salutary fine calculated to prevent the too frequent recurrence of such requests.这是simoniacal要接受付款为行使教会管辖范围，如给予dispensations ; ，但并没有什么不当的要求，从申请人婚姻dispensations贡献意图部分原因是由于chancery费及部分原因是由于一种良性的罚款计算，以防止该过于频繁发生的此类要求。 It is likewise simony to accept temporal compensation for admission into a religious order; but contributions made by candidates to defray the expenses of their novitiate as well as the dowry required by some female orders are not included in this prohibition.这是同样simony接受颞补偿入学成为一个宗教秩序，但所作出的贡献的候选人，以支付他们的费用novitiate以及为嫁妆所需要的一些女性的订单不包括在这项禁令。
In regard to the parish clergy, the poorer the church, the more urgent is the obligation incumbent upon the faithful to support them.对于教区神职人员，较穷的教会，更紧迫的是义务，有责任忠实地支持他们。 In the fulfilment of this duty local law and custom ought to be observed.在履行这一职责时当地法律和风俗习惯，应该得到遵守。 The Second Plenary Council of Baltimore has framed the following decrees for the United States: (1) The priest may accept what is freely offered after the administration of baptism or matrimony, but should refrain from asking anything (no. 221).第二次全体会议，会议的巴尔的摩市已经制定下列法令，对美国而言： （ 1 ）牧师也可以接受什么是自由后，提供政府当局的洗礼或婚姻关系，但应避免问什么（第221号） 。 (2) The confessor is never allowed to apply to his own use pecuniary penances, nor may he ask or accept anything from the penitent in compensation of his services. （ 2 ）忏悔是永远不会获准申请为己所用金钱penances ，也可能他要求或接受任何来自忏悔者赔偿他的服务。 Even voluntary gifts must be refused, and the offering of Mass stipends in the sacred tribunal cannot be permitted (no. 289).即使是自愿的礼物必须被拒绝，并提供大规模奖助学金，在神圣的法庭不能被允许的（第289号） 。 (3) The poor who cannot be buried at their own expense should receive free burial (no. 393). （ 3 ）贫困者不能被安葬在自己的牺牲应该享受免费的墓地（第393号） 。 The Second and Third action of a compulsory contribution at the church entrance from the faithful who wish to hear Mass on Sundays and Holy Days (Conc. Plen. Balt. II, no 397; Conc. Plen. Balt. III, no 288).第二次和第三次行动的一个强制性的贡献，在教堂入口处，从忠实的人愿意听到群众，星期日和节日（ conc. plen 。 balt第二节，没有397名;浓度plen 。 balt第三节，没有288 ） 。 As this practice continued in existence in many churches until very recently, a circular letter addressed 29 Sept., 1911, by the Apostolic Delegate to the archbishops and bishops of the United States, again condemns the custom and requests the ordinaries to suppress it wherever found in existence.由于这种做法继续存在，在许多教堂直到最近，一封通函处理1911年9月29日，由宗座代表大主教和主教的美国，再次谴责习俗，并请普通压制它在何处找到存在。
To uproot the evil of simony so prevalent during the Middle Ages, the Church decreed the severest penalties against its perpetrators.为了铲除邪恶的simony盛行，在中世纪，教会颁布的最严厉惩罚肇事者。 Pope Julius II declared simoniacal papal elections invalid, an enactment which has since been rescinded, however, by Pope Pius X (Constitution "Vacante Sede", 25 Dec., 1904, tit. II, cap. Vi, in "Canoniste Contemp.", XXXII, 1909, 291).教宗戏剧二宣布simoniacal教皇选举无效的，一项法律的颁布已经被取消，不过，教宗比约× （宪法" ， vacante总部" ， 1904年12月25日，铁，第二章第六，在" canoniste contemp " 。 ，三十二， 1909年， 291名） 。 The collation of a benefice is void if, in obtaining it, the appointee either committed simony himself, or at least tacitly approved of its commission by a third party.校勘一个benefice是无效的，如果在获取它，受聘者此时simony自己，或者至少是默许其委员会由第三人参加诉讼。 Should he have taken possession, he is bound to resign and restore all the revenues received during his tenure.他应该采取藏，他势必要辞职，并恢复所有的收入在他的任期内。 Excommunication simply reserved to the Apostolic See is pronounced in the Constitution "Apostolicae Sedis" (12 Oct., 1869): (1) against persons guilty of real simony in any benefices and against their accomplices; (2) against any persons, whatsoever their dignity, guilty of confidential simony in any benefices; (3) against such as are guilty of simony by purchasing or selling admission into a religious order; (4) against all persons inferior to the bishops, who derive gain (quaestum facientes) from indulgences and other spiritual graces; (5) against those who, collecting stipends for Masses, realize a profit on them by having the Masses celebrated in places where smaller stipends are usually given.禁教，根本保留给使徒看到的是，在宣判宪法" apostolicae sedis " （ 1869年10月12日） ： （ 1 ）对犯有真正simony在任何benefices以及反对其同谋; （ 2 ）对任何人，不管他们的尊严，犯有机密simony在任何benefices ; （ 3 ）对等，是犯了simony通过购买或销售收入是一个宗教秩序; （ 4 ）对所有的人不亚于主教，谁获得的增益（ quaestum facientes ）由indulgences和其他精神青睐; （ 5 ）对那些工作，搜集奖助学金，为群众，实现利润对他们具备了群众庆祝活动的地方，规模较小的奖助学金通常是给予。 The last-mentioned provision was supplemented by subsequent decrees of the Sacred Congregation of the Council.最后提及的条文进行了补充随后法令的神圣聚集安理会。 The Decree "Vigilanti" (25 May, 1893) forbade the practice indulged in by some booksellers of receiving stipends and offering exclusively books and subscriptions to periodicals to the celebrant of the Masses.该法令" vigilanti " （ 1893年5月25日）禁止实践沉迷于一些书商的接受奖助学金，并提供专门的书籍和订阅期刊向监礼人的群众。 The Decree "Ut Debita" (11 May, 1904) condemned the arrangements according to which the guardians of shrines sometimes devoted the offerings originally intended for Masses partly to other pious purposes.这项法令"对debita " （ 1904年5月11日）谴责安排，根据该项规定监护人的神社，有时专门的产品原本是为群众部分，以虔诚的其他用途。 The offenders against the two decrees just mentioned incur suspension ipso facto from their functions if they are in sacred orders; inability to receive higher orders if they are clerics inferior to the priests; excommunication of pronounced sentence (latae sententiae) if they belong to the laity.罪犯对两项法令，刚才提到招致暂停事实本身，从它们的职能，如果他们是在神圣的命令，不能以获得较高的命令，如果他们是神职人员不亚于祭司;禁教的宣判（ latae sententiae ） ，如果他们属于俗人。
Publication information Written by NA Weber.出版信息写娜韦伯。 Transcribed by Lucia Tobin.转录由圣卢西亚托宾。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV.天主教百科全书，体积十四。 Published 1912. 1912年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, July 1, 1912. nihil obstat ， 1912年7月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人头马lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教纽约
This subject presentation in the original English language这在原来的主题演讲， 英语
Send an e-mail question or comment to us: E-mail发送电子邮件的问题或意见给我们：电子邮箱
The main BELIEVE web-page (and the index to subjects) is at主要相信网页（和索引科目），是在