The Anglican Communion is a worldwide fellowship of independent churches derived from the Church of England.英国圣公会是一个世界性的奖学金独立教会源自于英国教会。 The communion has 70 provinces, located on every continent, with some 430 dioceses, and approximately 27 million members.共融有70个省，坐落于每一个大陆，与一些430教区，以及大约27万成员。 Although independent, the member churches acknowledge a common heritage including the Book of Common Prayer, the Thirty Nine Articles, and the threefold ministry of Bishops, Priests, and Deacons. The bishops meet every ten years, at the invitation of the archbishop of Canterbury, in the Lambeth Conference.虽然独立后，教会成员承认一个共同的遗产，包括这本书的共同祈祷， 39条，以及三倍部主教，司铎和执事。主教满足每一个十年的邀请，于坎特伯雷大主教在琳宝大会。 Cooperation between the member churches is facilitated by the Anglican Consultative Council, with its secretary general and with the archbishop of Canterbury as president.成员国之间的合作教会了便利圣公会谘询会，其秘书长，并与坎特伯雷大主教为总统。 Regional councils link provinces within specific geographical regions.区议会的联系省份特定的地理区域。
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John E Booty约翰e战利品
Bibliography
参考书目
M Marshall, The
Anglican Church Today and Tomorrow (1984); S Neill, Anglicanism
(1977).米马歇尔，圣公会今天和明天（ 1984年） ; s尼尔anglicanism （ 1977 ） 。
The Anglican Communion is a worldwide fellowship of national and regional churches in communion with the Church of England and the archbishop of Canterbury.英国圣公会是一个世界性的奖学金国家和地区的教会共融与英国教会和坎特伯雷大主教。 With about 385 dioceses throughout the world, the total membership of the churches, including the Episcopal church in the United States, is approximately 73 million.约385教区在世界各地，会员总数教会，其中包括圣公会，在美国，大约有7300万户。 Intended to promote mutual understanding and cooperation in common tasks, the Communion unites churches that share a common heritage and subscribe to the Lambeth Quadrilateral of 1884.旨在促进相互了解和合作，在共同的任务，团结共融的教堂都有一个共同的遗产，并订阅了琳宝四边形的1884年。 The Quadrilateral, a statement of the doctrines considered essential from the Anglican standpoint, upholds the catholic and apostolic faith and order of the Christian church as found in Scripture, the sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist, the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed, and episcopal government (see Bishop).四边形，声明该学说认为，必须从圣公会的立场，坚持天主教和使徒信念和秩序的基督教教堂，因为发现经文，圣礼的洗礼和圣体圣事，使徒们的信条和尼西亚，并推崇政府（见主教） 。 All the churches use the Book of Common Prayer, reformed and adapted to the needs of the times and of particular locales.所有教会使用这本书的共同祈祷，经过改革和调整，以适应时代的需要和特定的地区。
Although the Anglican Communion has existed since the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Church of England established foreign missions, its effective function as a communion of independent churches began in 1867.虽然英国圣公会已经存在，自十六，十七世纪时，英国教会设立的外国使团，它的有效功能，作为一个共融的独立教会开始于1867年。 In that year, the first Lambeth Conference, an assembly of the bishops of the whole Anglican Communion under the presidency of the archbishop of Canterbury, was held at Lambeth Palace, London.在这一年里，首先琳宝会议，集会的主教是整个英国圣公会的主持下，坎特伯雷大主教，举行琳宝宫，伦敦。 A conference has met there about every ten years since then to deal with doctrinal, disciplinary, and ecumenical matters, as well as missionary responsibilities.一次会议已召开，有大约每隔10年，自那时以来，以处理教义，纪律，并合一的事项，以及传教的责任。 Much of the agenda has concerned the unity of the church.有不少议程也是十分关注的统一教会。 In 1948, the Lambeth Conference heralded the birth of the Church of South India, which united certain Anglican dioceses with non-Anglican churches in that area. 1948年，琳宝会议宣告诞生教堂的南印度，美国某些圣公会教区与非英国国教教会在这方面的工作。 The Lambeth Conference of 1968 established the Anglican Consultative Council under the presidency of the archbishop of Canterbury.该琳宝大会， 1968年确立了英国圣公会咨商委员会的主持下，坎特伯雷大主教。 The council, composed of 60 representatives from every part of the Anglican Communion who meet every two to three years, is intended to supply guidance on policy matters of importance to the Communion, to forward ecumenical relations, and to provide cooperation in missionary work.理事会，由60人组成的代表从各个部分的英国圣公会符合每两至三年，是为了供给引导政策，重大事项向交流，以推动合一关系，并提供合作，在其传教工作。 Regional councils are also active in South America, East Asia, the South Pacific, and North America, with more to be established.区域市政局也很活跃，在南美，东南亚，南太平洋，北美洲，更待建立。 These councils were created to promote better communication among the churches of a given area and to advance cooperative planning efforts.这些评议会创造，以促进加强他们之间的沟通，教会的某一特定领域，并推动合作规划努力。
John Everitt Booty约翰everitt战利品
The Anglican Communion is a worldwide fellowship of churches in communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury (England) and whose bishops are invited each decade (except during wartime) to the Lambeth Conference held in London since 1867.英国圣公会是一个世界性的团契教会的共融与坎特伯雷大主教（英格兰） ，他们的主教是应邀每个十年（除战时）向琳宝会议在伦敦举行，自1867年。 Anglicans hold that theirs is the church of NT times and the early church, reformed in the sixteenth century and waiting for the reunion of all Christians.教徒认为，他们是教会的新台币时代和早期教会，改革后，在16世纪，等待着团圆的所有基督徒。
Bishops are the chief officers of Anglican churches, with arch - bishops or presiding bishops functioning as "first among equals" with national or provincial responsibilities and administrative authority.主教是行政人员的圣公会教堂，与拱-主教或主教主持运作的"第一个平等者之间的"与国家或省的职责和行政权力。 Only bishops may ordain clergy and consecrate other bishops.只有主教可能阿拉维的神职人员和consecrate等主教。 Some dioceses have assistant bishops called coadjutor or suffragan bishops.一些教区已经助理主教呼吁教区助理或suffragan主教。 The latter does not automatically succeed the diocesan bishop, whereas the coadjutor does.后者并不自动接替教区主教，而教区助理是否。
The basic unit in the church is the parish with its congregation and rector.基本单位，在教会教区与圣堂，并任校长。 A mission may be a congregation dependent upon a parish (or diocese).任务可能是一个众取决于教区（或教区） 。 The diocese is that group of parishes and missions under a bishop whose representatives meet each year for a diocesan convention (or council).教区是该集团的教区和使命下一位主教，其代表每年举行一次，今年为拔萃公约（或理事会） 。 Each parish and mission is represented by laity as well as clergy, and laity are represented on all the significant governing committees.各教区和使命，是代表俗人以及神职人员，并俗人派出代表参与所有重要的管治委员会。 Bishops are elected at these conventions or councils in most Anglican churches, but some bishops are still appointed, as in the case of the Church of England and many mission dioceses.主教团选出，在这些公约或议会，在大多数英国圣公会教堂，但有些主教仍获委任，情况正如英国教会和许多团教区。
The Book of Common Prayer, in one of its many derived forms, is used by all Anglican churches. 这本书的共同祈祷，在其许多衍生形式，是用所有的圣公会教堂。 It is regarded as the distinctive embodiment of Anglican doctrine following the principle of "the rule of prayer is the rule of belief" (lex orandi, lex credendi).它被视为是鲜明的体现圣公会教义以下"的原则，法治的祈祷是法治的信仰" （法orandi ，法credendi ） 。 The section of the Prayer Book called the Ordinal, by which clergy are ordained following their vows, is especially crucial for doctrinal standards.该科的祈祷书中所谓有序，其中神职人员都是受戒后，他们的誓言，尤其是至关重要的理论标准。 The Holy Scripture is declared to be the Word of God and to contain all that is necessary to salvation.圣经是被宣布为上帝的话和遏制一切必要救赎。 The Nicene and Apostles' Creeds are accepted as confessing the faith of Scripture and classical Christianity.该nicene和使徒们信条已被接受为供认信仰的经文和古典基督教。
The Thirty nine Articles, dating from the Elizabethan settlement in the sixteenth century, are not required for explicit assent in most of the communion, but they are generally bound with the Prayer Book and regarded as an important historical statement and document. 该39条，可追溯到伊丽莎白解决在十六世纪，则不须明确的，在大部分的共融的，但他们一般都必然与祈祷书，并视为一个重要的历史陈述和文件。 These articles explicitly reject the doctrine of transubstantiation and affirm the doctrines of justification by faith, the Trinity, and the person of Christ as "very God and very Man."这些条款明确拒绝中庸陷于变体说，肯定教义的因信称义，三位一体，和该人的基督"非常上帝和非常人" 。
The worship in Anglican churches varies widely but is characterized by an attempt to follow the liturgical year; that is, to read the prescribed lessons designed to emphasize that portion of revelation from advent and the nativity (Christmas) through the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles (Epiphany), Lent, Easter, and Pentecost.这个礼拜在英国圣公会教堂大相径庭，但特点是企图跟随礼仪一年，即是看明教训，旨在强调这部分启示的来临和nativity （圣诞节）通过，体现了基督的外邦人（顿悟） ，出借，复活节，五旬。 Worship is decisively biblical in that readings from both testaments are required at all normal services.崇拜的是果断圣经中说，读，从双方的见证，都需要在所有正常服务。 The Prayer Book is saturated with Scripture in the phrases of the prayers, the versicles and responses, the canticles, and the Psalter (book of Psalms).祷告书是饱和的经文，在句子的祈祷， versicles及反应， canticles和psalter （书中的诗篇） 。
The Lord's Supper, or Holy Eucharist, is generally regarded as the central service, and gradually over the last century has come to be held with increasing frequency. 主的晚餐，或者圣体圣事，是通常被视为中央服务，并逐步在过去的世纪已经到来将频繁举行。 The norm for the public worship is to stand to sing, sit to listen, and kneel to pray.规范，为市民的崇拜，是站在唱歌，静坐，虚心听取意见，并下跪祈祷。 In recent revisions the Prayer Book has seen its most substantial changes from the sixteenth century work of Thomas Cranmer.在最近修改的祈祷书中看到了其最大幅度的变化，从16世纪的工作，托马斯克兰默。 The chief characteristics of the new books are flexibility, with options ranging from forms virtually identical to the traditional books to others which are exceedingly informal, replacing "thou" with "you" in addressing God, and giving modern synonyms for more obscure terms.行政特征的新的书籍是灵活性，与期权，从形式几乎相同，以传统的书籍给他人，这是非常具有非正式的，代替"你"与"你"在处理上帝，并让现代同义词更加模糊不清的条款。 In addition, the new revisions attempt to include more lay and congregational participation than was possible in the sixteenth century, when a literate congregation could not be assumed.此外，新修改的尝试，以包括更多裁员和堂会参与，较有可能在16世纪，当一个有文化的会众不能假设。 The revisions have, however, met with considerable resistance on the part of many who feel the language to be inferior to Cranmer's and that some of the changes have unfortunate doctrinal implications.修改的，不过，遇到了相当大的阻力对一部分有不少人觉得语言不亚于克兰默的那部分的变化，不幸教义的影响。
The overall practical effect of this growing diversity among the Prayer Books will likely lead to more emphasis on Anglican identity being drawn from the pan Anglican communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury than on the use of a common Prayer Book as has been the case in the past.总体的实际效果这一日益严重的多样性之间的祈祷书中，将有可能导致更多的侧重于圣公会身分取自潘圣公会与坎特伯雷大主教比对使用一个共同祈祷书已经过去的情况。
The basic intention of Anglican worship is expressed in the Prayer Book: "to render thanks for the great benefits that we have received at his hands, to set forth his most worthy praise, to hear his most holy word, and to ask those things which are requisite and necessary, as well as for the body as the soul."基本意向英国国教的崇拜主要体现在祈祷书中说： "使感谢你们的巨大好处，我们已经收到，在他的手中，以阐述他最值得赞美，听到他最神圣的字眼，并要求这些东西是必要的和必要的，也是对人体具有灵魂" 。 This is sought to be done with all the majesty, solemnity, and aesthetic quality possible, while at the same time making the mystery and awe as accessible and relevant as can be done to any and all conditions.这是试图做的一切，女王陛下的严肃性，审美素质，而在同一时间，使神秘与敬畏，因为方便，并切合实际，可以做任何及所有条件。
The wide diversity within Anglicanism is reflected by the astonishing growth and evangelical character of the church in East Africa, the highly sacramental and Anglo Catholic tradition of the Province of South Africa, the liberal spirit and discomfort with classical expressions of orthodoxy on the part of the authors of The Myth of God Incarnate, and the conservative evangelicals who retain an unyielding loyalty to Scripture and the Thirty nine Articles.广泛多样性anglicanism是反映了惊人的增长和福音性质的教会在东非，高圣事和Anglo天主教的传统，该省的南非，自由的精神和不舒服，与古典的表达正统论部分的作者的神话，上帝的化身，和保守的福音派人士保留了不屈不挠的忠诚经文和39条。
CF
Allison比照艾里逊
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
PC Hughes, The
Anglican Reformers; S Neill, Anglicanism; More and Cross, Anglicanism; W Temple,
Doctrine in the Church of England.电脑休斯，英国圣公会的改革者; s尼尔anglicanism ;更多和交叉，
anglicanism ;瓦特庙，学说，在英国教会。
A term used to denote the religious belief and position of members of the established Church of England, and of the communicating churches in the British possessions, the United States (see EPISCOPAL CHURCH), and elsewhere.使用的一个术语，用来指宗教信仰和议员的立场所建立的英国教会，该教会沟通，在英国的财产，美国（见圣公会） ，以及其他地方。 It includes those who have accepted the work of the English Reformation as embodied in the Church of England or in the offshoot Churches which in other countries have adhered, at least substantially, to its doctrines, its organization, and its liturgy.它包括那些已经接受工作的英语改革体现在英国教会的，或者在分支教会，这在其他国家都坚持的，至少大大，其学说，它的组织，它的礼拜仪式。 Apart from minor or missionary settlements, the area in which Anglicanism is to be found corresponds roughly with those portions of the globe which are, or were formally, under the British flag.除了轻微或传教士定居点，在这方面anglicanism是要找到对应大致与这些部分在全球都是，或者被正式下，英国国旗。
BELIEFS信仰
To form a general idea of Anglicanism as a religious system, it will be convenient to sketch it in rough outline as it exists in the Established Church of England, bearing in mind that there are differences in detail, mainly in liturgy and church-government, to be found in other portions of the Anglican communion.形成一个大略的构想anglicanism为一个宗教系统，可以方便，以素描，它在粗略大纲，因为它存在于既定的英国教会，铭记有差异细节，主要是在礼拜仪式和教会政府，被发现在其他部分圣公会共融。
The members of the Church of England are professed Christians, and claim to be baptized members of the Church of Christ.该教会的成员的英格兰自称基督徒，并声称自己是受洗的教会的成员的喊声。
They accept the Scriptures as contained in the Authorized Version, as the Word of God.他们接受圣经所载授权的版本，因为上帝的话。
They hold the Scriptures to be the sole and supreme rule of faith, in the sense that the Scriptures contain all things necessary to salvation and that nothing can be required of anyone as an article of faith which is not contained therein, and cannot be proved thereby.他们举行诵经，以成为唯一和最高的法治信仰，在这个意义上说，经文包含一切必要的救赎，并没有任何东西可以得到所需的任何人，作为一个信条，而不是内容，并不能证明，从而。
They accept the Book of Common Prayer as the practical rule of their belief and worship, and in it they use as standards of doctrine the three Creeds &151; the Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian.他们接受这本书的共同祈祷，因为实际统治他们的信仰和崇拜，而在它使用标准的学说三个信条&151;使徒们， nicene ，以及亚他那修信经。
They believe in two sacraments of the Gospel &151; Baptism and the Lord's Supper -as generally necessary to salvation.他们相信，在两个圣礼的福音&151;洗礼和主的晚餐-作为一般都需要救赎。
They claim to have Apostolic succession and a validly ordained ministry, and only persons whom they believe to be thus ordained are allowed to minister in their churches.他们声称已经使徒继承和具有法律效力的受戒部，而且只有其中的人，他们相信是因此受戒让部长在他们的教堂。
They believe that the Church of England is a true and reformed part, or branch, or pair of provinces of the Catholic Church of Christ.他们认为，英国教会是一个真正的和改革的一部分，或科，或对各省的天主教教会的真理。
They maintain that the Church of England is free from all foreign jurisdiction.他们认为，英国教会是不受任何外国司法管辖区。
They recognize the King as Supreme Governor of the Church and acknowledge that to him "appertains the government of all estates whether civil or ecclesiastical, in all causes."他们承认，国王作为最高总督的教会，并承认他的" appertains政府的所有屋无论是民事或教会，在一切事业" 。
The clergy, before being appointed to a benefice or licensed to preach, subscribe and declare that they "assent to the Thirty-nine Articles, and to the Book of Common Prayer, and of Ordering of Bishops, priests, and deacons, and believe the doctrine of the Church of England as therein set forth to be agreeable to the Word of God".神职人员，然后被任命为一个benefice或领有牌照，以说教，认购，并宣布自己是"赞同向39条，并以这本书的共同祈祷，并下令实施的主教，司铎和执事们，并相信学说的英国教会，因为那里的提出必须同意上帝的话" 。
One of the Articles (XXV) thus subscribed approves the First and Second Book of Homilies as containing "a godly and wholesome doctrine necessary for these times", and adjudges them to be read in churches "diligently and distinctly".其中的文章（ 25 ） ，因此认购核准的第一和第二本书的颂歌含有"的神圣和有益健康的学说有必要为这些时报" ，并adjudges他们阅读教堂"勤奋和鲜明的" 。
To these general characteristics we may add by way of corrective that while the Bible is accepted much latitude is allowed as to the nature and extent of its inspiration; that the Eucharistic teaching of the Prayer Book is subject to various and opposed interpretations; that Apostolic succession is claimed by many to be beneficial, but not essential, to the nature of the Church; that the Apostles' Creed is the only one to which assent can be required from the laity, and that Articles of Religion are held to be binding only on the licensed and beneficed clergy.这些一般特征，我们可以补充的方式纠正说，虽然圣经是接受得多纬度是允许令的性质和程度，其灵感;表示，圣体圣事的教学中的祈祷书是受到种种反对的诠释;宗徒继承据称，被许多人是有好处的，但不是必需的，以性质的教会;使徒们的信条是唯一一名，其中核可，可以要求从俗人，而且文章的宗教都是以具有约束力只领有牌照和beneficed神职人员。
CHIEF GOVERNMENT政府首席
Inside these outlines, which are necessarily vague, the constitution of the Church of England has been largely determined by the events which attended its settlement under the Tudors.这些内纲要，其中必然是模糊的，宪法的英国教会，已大致确定所发生的事件，其中参加其定居下，都铎王朝。
Original Loyalty to Rome原来效忠罗马
Before the breach with Rome under Henry VIII there was absolutely no doctrinal difference between the faith of Englishmen and the rest of Catholic Christendom, and "Anglicanism", as connoting a separate or independent religious system, was unknown.前违反与罗马下，亨利八世是根本没有理论的差异信仰的英国人和其余天主教基督教，而" anglicanism " ，因为connoting一个单独的或独立的宗教体系，是未知之数。
The name Ecclesia Anglicana, or English Church, was of course employed, but always in the Catholic and Papal use of the term as signifying that part or region of the one Catholic Church under the jurisdiction of the Pope which was situated in England, and precisely in the same way as the Church in Scotland was called the Ecclesia Scotticana, the Church in France, the Ecclesia Gallicana, and the Church in Spain the Ecclesia Hispanica.名称Ecclesia的anglicana ，或英语教堂，是的，当然有工作，但总是在天主教和教皇一词的使用，因为这意味着部分或地区的一个天主教教会的管辖之下，教宗这是坐落在英格兰，而且精确在以同样的方式作为教会在苏格兰被称为scotticana教会，教会在法国，教会gallicana ，以及教会在西班牙教会了梧桐。 That such national or regional appellations were a part of the style in the Roman Curia itself, and that they in no sense could have implied any indication of independence from Rome, is sufficiently well known to all who are familiar with pre-Reformation records.这些国家或地区的称谓是一个部分的作风，在罗马教廷本身，而且不论在任何意义上可以有隐含任何迹象独立，从罗马，目前已有足够的都知道，他们所熟悉的学前教育改革的纪录。
Pope Honorius III, in 1218, in his Bull to King Alexander speaks of the Scottish Church (Ecclesia Scotticana) as "being immediately subject to the Apostolic See" (Papal Letters I, 60).教宗honorius三，在1218 ，他在公牛国王亚历山大谈到苏格兰教会（ Ecclesia的scotticana ）为"立刻受到使徒见" （教皇信，我60 ） 。
The abbots and priors of England in their letter to Innocent IV, in 1246, declared that the English Church (Ecclesia Anglicana) is "a special member of the Most Holy Church of Rome" [Matthew Paris (Rolls Series), IV, 531].该方丈都很和先验的英格兰在信中向无辜四，在1246 ，宣称这次英语堂（ Ecclesia的anglicana ） ，是"一个特别的成员之一，最神圣罗马教会" [马太巴黎（卷系列） ，第四， 531 ] 。
In 1413 Archbishop Arundel, with the assent of Convocation, affirmed against the Lollards the faith of the English Church in a number of test articles, including the Divine institution of the Papacy and the duty of all Christians to render obedience to it (Wilkins, Concilia, III, 355).在第1413大主教arundel ，与赞同的评议，肯定了对lollards信仰的英语教堂，在一些试验物品，包括神学院的教宗和值勤的所有基督徒，使服从它（威尔金斯， concilia ，三， 355页） 。
In 1521, only thirteen years before the breach, John Clerk, the English Ambassador at Rome, was able to assure the Pope in full consistory that England was second to no country in Christendom, "not even to Rome itself", in the "service of God: and of the Christian Faith, and in the obedience due to the Most Holy Roman Church" (Clerks' oration, ed. Jerome Emser).在1521年，只有13年前，违反有关规定，约翰秘书，英语大使在罗马，则可以保证，教宗充分一致性表示，英国是第二次来，没有一个国家在基督教的" ，甚至没有到罗马本身" ，在"服务上帝：和基督教信仰，并在服从，因为最神圣罗马教会" （办事员'咨讯，教育署。杰罗姆emser ） 。
After the Act of Royal Supremacy (1534)法案实施后，皇家至上（ 1534 ）
The first point of severance was clearly one of Erastianism.第一点遣散显然是一个erastianism 。 When news of the papal decision against the divorce reached England, Henry VIII gave his assent to four anti-papal statutes passed in Parliament in the spring of 1534, and in November the statute of the Royal Supremacy declared the King to be Supreme Head of the English Church (without the limiting clause of 1532), and an oath was prescribed, affirming the Pope to have no jurisdiction in the realm of England.当新闻的教皇决定对离婚达成英格兰，亨利八世，他赞同以四反教皇章程议会通过的在春季的1534 ，并于11月规约皇家至高无上宣布国王被最高元首的英语堂（无限的条文第1532 ） ，并宣誓效忠于明，肯定教宗有没有管辖权的境界英格兰。 The actual ministry of preaching and of the sacraments was left to the clergy, but all the powers of ecclesiastical jurisdiction were claimed by the sovereign.实际商务部的说教和圣礼，是留给神职人员，但所有权力的教会管辖范围内，则声称主权。
The Act of Supremacy required that the King, as Supreme Head of the Church, "shall have full power and authority from time to time to visit, repress, redress, reform, order, correct, restrain, and amend all such errors, heresies, abuses, offences, contempt, enormities whatsoever they be which by any manner, spiritual authority or jurisdiction ought or may be lawfully reformed" (26 Henry VIII, i).该法的优势，要求国王，为最高人民法院教会的头， "应当有充分的权力和权威，从时间，以时间来访问，镇压，纠正，改革，秩序，正确的，克制，并修改所有此类错误，异端邪说，滥用的情况，犯罪，蔑视， enormities不管他们其中任何方式，精神权威或管辖范围内应该还是可以合法地改革" （ 26亨利八世，我） 。
The bishops were made to sue out their faculties from the King, and, that the meaning of this humiliation should be unmistakable, the very form of the license granted them affirmed the plain Erastian principle that the Crown was the source of their jurisdiction, "seeing that all authority of jurisdiction, and indeed jurisdiction of all kinds, both that which is called ecclesiastical and that which is secular, is originally derived from the royal power, as from the Supreme Head and foundation, and source of magistracy within our Kingdom" (Wilkins, Concilia, III, 799),主教们分别发了言，控告他们的院系，由国王，并说，意思这屈辱应该无误，很形式的许可给予他们肯定平原伊拉斯特派原则，即在树冠之源，在其管辖范围内， "百闻不如一见所有权威的管辖权问题，并确实管辖权的种种，都认为这是所谓的教会，并表示，这是世俗的，本来就是来自于皇家权力，由最高元首和基础，源泉裁判法院提堂我们的王国" （威尔金斯， concilia ，三， 799 ） ，
The bishops and clergy in convocation were forbidden to make canons except when the King, by his "Letters of Business", gave them permission to do so, and even then the canons so made were to have effect only when approved by the King.主教和神职人员在召开被禁止，使大炮时，除了国王，由他的"信用证业务" ，让他们允许这样做，而即使在那时，大炮，所以都是十分具有效力，只有经国王。
Another statute secured to the Crown the absolute control in the appointment of bishops.另一条担保，以官方的绝对控制权在任命主教。 The chapters were bound under penalties of Proemunire to elect the person named by the King and no other, and the Archbishop was bound under the same shameful penalties to consecrate the person so named within twenty days after receipt of the King's writ (Significavit) commanding him to do so.该章节被约束下的罚款proemunire选出指名的人，由国王，没有其他，大主教被捆绑，根据同一可耻的刑罚，以consecrate人，所以命名为内部二十天后，在收到国王的令状（ significavit ）指挥他这样做的。 This enactment, which an Anglican bishop in recent times has aptly described as "the Magna Charta of tyranny" remains in force to the present day.这个立法，其中圣公会主教最近一个时期恰当地描述为"大宪章的暴政"仍然生效，以目前一天。 Within the last few years the Law Courts have ruled that no opposition to the episcopal confirmation of a person nominated by the Crown can be allowed.在过去几年里，法院已经作出裁决，并没有反对主教确认提名的人，由检察官，可以容许的。
Thus the chief note of Henrician settlement is the fact that Anglicanism was founded in the acceptance of the Royal, and the rejection of the Papal Supremacy, and was placed upon a decidedly Erastian basis.因此，行政注意到henrician沉降是一个事实，即anglicanism成立，在接受皇家，并拒绝教皇至高无上的，并放在了一个断然伊拉斯特派基础。
When the Act of Royal Supremacy, which had been repealed by Queen Mary, was revived by Elizabeth, it suffered a modification in the sense that the Sovereign was styled "Supreme Governor" instead of "Supreme Head".当行为皇家至高无上的，这已被废除，由玛丽，是复苏，黄钱其濂，它遭到了改造，在意义上说，主权被冠之"最高总督" ，而不是"最高元首" 。 In a subsequent "Admonition", Elizabeth issued an interpretation of the Royal Supremacy, to the effect that she laid claim "to no power of ministry of divine offices in the Church".在随后的"说教" ，伊丽莎白发出的诠释皇家至高无上的，其大意是，她还声称"没有权力的财政部神圣办事处，在教会" 。 At the same time she reasserted in the full the claim made by Henry VIII as to the Authority of the Crown in matters ecclesiastical, and the great religious changes made after her accession were carried out and enforced in a royal visitation commissioned by the royal authority.在同一时间，她重新树立在充分索赔所作出的亨利八世，以权威的官方事宜教会，伟大的宗教变动后，她加入进行，并强迫在一个皇家探视委托由皇家权威。
In 1628, Charles I, in a Royal Declaration prefixed to the Articles, stated that it belonged to the kingly office "to conserve and maintain the Church committed to our charge, in unity of religion and the bond of peace", and decreed that differences arising as to the external policy of the Church were to be settled in Convocation, but its ordinances were to be submitted to the Crown for approval, which would be given to them if they were not contrary to the laws of the land.在1628年，查尔斯，我在一个皇家宣言后缀的文章，指出，它属于王道办公室" ，以保存和维护教会致力于我们负责，在统一的宗教和债券的和平" ，并发布命令分歧所产生的，以外部政策的教会得到解决，在召集，但其上述条例将提交给官方批准，这将给予他们，如果他们不违背土地法。
Archbishop Laud, in 1640, had a series of canons drawn up in Convocation and duly published, but this attempt at spiritual independence was speedily suppressed.大主教赞扬，在1640 ，进行了一系列的门炮，制定了在召开，并正式公布，但这种尝试的精神独立是迅速镇压。 The indignation of Parliament was so great that he himself begged leave to withdraw them, and the House of Commons passed a resolution unanimously declaring that "the Clergy in Convocation assembled has no power to make any canons or constitutions whatsoever in matters of doctrine, discipline or otherwise to bind the Clergy and laity of the land without the common consent in Parliament" (Resolution, 16 December, 1640).愤慨的议会是如此巨大，他自己乞求离开撤回他们和众议院共同通过了一项决议，一致宣称"神职人员在召开组装没有权力作出任何大炮或宪法，在什么问题上的原则，纪律处分或否则约束教士和俗人的土地，未经同意共同在议会中" （决议， 1640年12月16日） 。
The Effect of Royal Supremacy效力皇家至上
The effect of the legislation under Henry VIII, revived by Elizabeth, and confirmed in subsequent reigns, has been, as Lord Campbell pointed out in his famous Gorham judgment, in April, 1850, to locate in the Crown all that decisive jurisdiction which before the Reformation had been exercised by the Pope.法律的效用下，亨利八世，恢复了由伊丽莎白，并确认了在以后的统治，一直作为主坎贝尔指出，在他著名的gorham判断，今年4月， 1850年，设在皇冠都必须采取果断的司法管辖权，其中前改革已行使的教宗。 Until the year 1833, the Crown exercised this supreme jurisdiction through a special body called the Court of Delegates.直到今年1833年，官地行使这个最高司法管辖权，通过一个专门机构，称为法院的代表。 Its members were appointed under the great Seal, and consisted of lay judges, with whom might be associated a number of bishops or clergymen.其成员被任命为下大印章，并构成非专业法官，和谁在一起，可能相关的一些主教或神职人员。 In 1833 this Court was abolished, and its powers were transferred to the King in Council.在1833年这个法庭被撤销，其权力被移交给国王议政会。 Hence matters which come under its purview are now decided by the King upon the advice of that part of the Privy Council which is known as the Judicial Committee.因此事项，其中属于其职权范围内的，现在决定由国王的意见后，这部分的枢密院，这是被称为司法委员会。 The statute (2 and 3 William IV, xcii) expressly states that its decisions are final, and are not subject to any commission of review.规约（第2和第3威廉四， xcii ）明确规定，其决定是最终决定，并没有受到任何委员会的审查。
It must be observed that this tribunal does not profess theoretically to decide articles of faith, or to pronounce upon the abstract orthodoxy or heterodoxy of opinions.必须指出，这个法庭没有自称从理论上来决定物品的信仰，或阐明什么抽象的正统或异端的意见。 "Its duty extends only to the consideration of that which is by law established to be the doctrine of the Church of England, upon the due and legal construction of there Articles and formularies" (Gorham decision, March 1850). " ，其职责范围只审议认为这是依法成立的，以被中庸的英国教会，后因与法制建设的，有文章和处方" （ gorham决定， 1850年3月） 。 But upon this ground the Crown decided that the views of Mr. Gorham, whose notorious rejection of the doctrine of baptismal regeneration had shocked his bishop and scandalized the Tractarians, were "not contrary or repugnant to the declared doctrine of the Church of England as by law established".但经此地面官方决定的意见先生gorham ，其恶名昭彰的拒绝了这一学说的洗礼再生震惊了他的主教和scandalized该tractarians ，分别为"不违背或令人厌恶的，以申报学说的英国教会所依法成立的" 。 Numerous protests and appeals were made by high Churchmen, but all attempts to reverse the decision were unavailing, and Mr. Gorham duly received institution to the benefice which his bishop had refused him.多次抗议，并呼吁发了言高牧师，但所有企图扭转决定均如石沉大海，和先生gorham及时收到机构向benefice ，他的主教拒绝了他。 In like manner in 1849, when vehement opposition was made to the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the See of Hereford, the Prime Minister of the day insisted on the right of the Crown, and the Vicar-General of the Archbishop ruled that no exception could be suffered against one whom the Crown had duly nominated, and the Court of Queen's Bench sustained his ruling.同样地在1849 ，当强烈反对，有人向任命博士汉普顿向看到的赫里福德，首相的当天，坚持正确的皇冠，和副主教总主教裁定也不例外可能遭受的打击之一，其中官方已正式提名，和法院的御用替补持续他的裁决。
Thus, whatever views or aspirations have been held theoretically by Anglican divines on the spiritual authority of the Anglican Church, the Royal Supremacy remains an effective reality, and the Crown, supported by Parliament and the Law Courts, both as to the doctrines which may be taught, and the persons who shall be put in office to teach them, has possession of the practical and substantial control.因此，无论意见或诉求，已举行了理论上由圣公会divines对精神权威的英国圣公会教堂，皇家优势仍然是一个有效的现实，以及官方的支持下，议会和法院，都以该学说可能教导，以及哪些人将被放在办公室，去教导他们，有藏的实际和实质性控制。 It is characteristic of the Anglican Reformation that the supreme and far reaching regulative jurisdiction which was exercised by the Holy See was, after the severance from Rome, taken over, to all intents and purposes, by the Crown, and was never effectively entrusted to the Anglican Spirituality, either to the Primate, or to the Episcopate, or even to Convocation.它的特点是英国圣公会的改造表示，最高人民法院和深远的调控管辖权是行使教廷后，遣散来自罗马，接管了，所有意图和目的，由皇冠，并没有有效地委托给圣公会灵性，无论对灵长类动物，或主教，甚至召开。 As a result, there is to this day the lack of a living Church Spiritual Authority which has been to the Anglican Church a constant source of weakness, humiliation, and disorder.作为一个结果，就是要在这一天缺少一个生活教会精神管理局已经向圣公会的不断源泉软弱，屈辱，和无序。
In 1904 a royal commission was appointed to investigate the complaints against ecclesiastical discipline, and in July 1906, it issued its report, in which it points out that at no time in the past have the laws of public worship been uniformly observed, and recommends the formation of a Court which while exercising the Royal Jurisdiction, would be bound to accept the episcopate on questions of doctrine or ritual. 1904年，一个皇家委员会被任命为调查投诉教会纪律，并在1906年7月，它发布了报告，其中指出，在任何时候，在过去有规律的公共崇拜被一致遵守，并建议组建一个法院行使，而皇家管辖权，而且注定会接受主教的问题上的理论或例行公事。 This, if granted, would be the first step towards the partial emancipation of the Spirituality from the thraldom of the civil power, in which it has been held for more than three centuries.因此，如果获准，将是第一步局部解放的灵性从奴役的民事权力，其中已举办了3个多世纪。 It will be observed that Anglicanism as a religious system is separable from the doctrine of Royal Supremacy, which is an outcome of its union with the State, and of the circumstances of the English Reformation.这将看到anglicanism作为宗教制度也离不开理论的皇家至高无上的，这是一个结果，它与联盟国家，以及在什么情况的英语改革。 In countries outside of England the Wales Anglican Churches exist, and, it is said, all the more prosperously from being untrammelled by the State connection.在国家外，英国威尔斯圣公会教堂存在，而且，它是说，所有人都更加蓬勃，从不受约束，由国家连接。 But even in those countries the decisive voice in the government of the Anglican Church is not entrusted to the Episcopate alone, and in some of them the lay power in the synods has made itself felt, and has shown that it can be as really a master as any Tudor sovereign invested with royal supremacy.但即使是在这些国家具有决定性的声音，在政府的圣公会是不能委托给主教单，并在他们中的一些业外人士权力的时候，在主教会议作出了自己的感觉，并表现出它可以被视为真正的大师任何主权都铎投资与Royal占据上风。 The supremacy of the Spirituality in the domain of doctrine, as the sole guarantee of true religious liberty, is still lacking in the Anglican system, and the problem of supplying it remains unsolved, if not insoluble.至高无上的灵性在该域的学说，作为唯一的保证，真正的宗教信仰自由，仍然缺乏圣公会系统，并解决了供应，它仍然没有解决，如果不溶性。
DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL FORMULARIES教义和礼仪处方
The doctrinal position of the Anglican Church, in like manner, can only be adequately studied in its history, which divides itself into a number of stages or periods.该学说上的立场，圣公会，在喜欢的方式，只能是充分研究，在其历史上，划分成若干阶段或时期。 The first, or Henrician, period (1534-47) includes the breach with Rome, the setting up of an independent national church, and the transfer of the supreme Church authority from the Papacy to the Crown.第一，或henrician ，期间（ 1534年至1547年）包括违反与罗马，成立一个独立的国家教会，以及转让最高人民法院教会权力由教宗向皇冠。 The Edwardian (1547-53) and the Elizabethan (1558-1603) periods carried the work of separation much further.在爱德华七世时代（ 1547年至1553年）和伊丽莎白（ 1558年至1603年）期间进行的工作，分离得多。 Both accepted the Henrician basis of rejection of the Papacy and erection of the Royal Supremacy, but built upon it the admission of the doctrinal and liturgical changes which make up mainly the Anglican Reformation, and brought the nation within the great Protestant movement of the sixteenth century.都接受了henrician的基础上拒绝教宗与架设皇家至高无上的，但建成后，它收的教义和礼仪的变化，弥补主要圣公会改造，并把民族内部的伟大新教运动的16世纪。
First Period: Henry VIII (1534-1547)第一期：亨利八世（ 1534年至1547年）
Although the policy of Henry VIII, after the breach with Rome, was ostensibly conservative, and his ideal seemed to be the maintenance of a Catholic Church in England, minus the Pope, it is incontestable that in other ways his action was in fatal contradiction to his professions.虽然政策的亨利八世后，违反与罗马，是表面上的保守，和他的理想似乎要维持一个天主教教会在英格兰，再减去教宗，这是无可争议的，在其他的方式，他的行动是致命矛盾他的专业。
Influence of English Protestant Sympathizers.影响英语新教同情者。 - By raising to power, and by maintaining in positions of unique influence, his three great agents, Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Cranmer, and Edward Seymour, all of whom were always, and as openly as they dared, in sympathy with the Reformation, Henry VIII, whether by intention or the by the indifference of his latter days, undoubtedly prepared the way and opened the gates to the Protestantism which came in under Edward and Elizabeth. -提高电力，并维持在阵地独特的影响力，他的三个伟大的代理商，托马斯克伦威尔，托马斯克兰默，和爱德华西摩，所有的人，始终，并作为公开，因为他们不敢，在同情与改造，亨利八，无论是有意还是由冷漠，他的后期，无疑是准备了道路，打开了闸门，向基督新教被排在根据爱德华和伊丽莎白。
Influence of German Protestants.影响力的德国新教徒。 - In 1535 Henry sent agents to negotiate an agreement with the Reformers in Germany, and in 1537 he was led by Cromwell, in connivance with Cranmer, into further negotiations with the Protestant princes assembled at Smalkald. -在第1 535亨利发出代理商谈判达成一项协议，与改革者在德国， 1 537年，他率领的克伦威尔，在纵容克兰默，到进一步的谈判与新教王子集结在s malkald。 He wrote to Melanchthon to congratulate him on the work which he had done for religion, and invited him to England.他写信给梅兰希顿祝贺他从事何种工作，他的所作所为，为宗教，并邀请他到英格兰。 Melanchthon was unable to come, but in 1538 three German divines, Burkhardt, Boyneburg, and Myconius, were sent to London, where they remained some months, and held conferences with the Anglican bishops and clergy.梅兰希顿未能前来，但在1538年3德语divines ， burkhardt ， boyneburg ， myconius ，被送往伦敦，在那里仍然有些个月，并召开会议，与英国圣公会主教和神职人员。 The Germans presented as a basis of agreement a number of Articles based on the Lutheran Confession of Augsburg.德国作为一个基础的协议若干条款的基础上，路德会招供的奥格斯堡。 On the doctrinal part of these Articles, the first thirteen, both parties came to an agreement (Letter of Myconius to Cromwell, 8 September, 1538).对教义的一部分，这些条款中，第一十三，双方来到一项协议（意向书myconius以克伦威尔， 1538年9月8日） 。 On the second part, the "Abuses" (viz., private Masses, celibacy of the Clergy, invocation of Saints) the King would not give way, and finally dissolved the conference.对第二部分中， "滥用" （即，私营群众，独身的神职人员，援引圣人） ，国王将不会退让，并最终解散了会议。 Although the negotiations thus formally came to an end, the Thirteen Articles on which agreement with the Germans had been made were kept by Archbishop Cranmer, and afterwards by Archbishop Parker, and were used as test articles to which the preachers whom they licensed were required to subscribe.虽然谈判，从而正式落下帷幕， 13个条款的协议，其中与德国队已经取得了被保存大主教克兰默，后来改由大主教帕克，并以此作为检验物品，其中布道者他们持牌人须订阅。 Eventually they became the nucleus of the Articles of Religion which were authorized under Edward VI and Elizabeth.他们最终成为核心条款的宗教，其中授权下，何承天六及黄钱其濂。 Hence the almost verbal correspondence between these Articles and the Lutheran Confession of Augsburg, from which they were originally taken.因此，几乎口头书信来往，这些文章和路德招供的奥格斯堡，从他们原先所采取的。
Second Period: Edward VI (1547-1553)第二个时期：爱德华六（ 1547年至1553年）
By the death of Henry VIII (27 January, 1547) the main obstacle to the reforming influence was removed.由死亡的亨利八世（ 1547年1月27日）的主要障碍，以改革的影响已被取消。 With the accession of Edward VI, who had been brought up in the reformed faith, with Seymour, also a Protestant, omnipotent in the Council, and Cranmer, now able to show his hand and work his will, the party of the Reformation became possessed of all the resources of national power, and during the five years of the reign (1547-53) remained triumphantly in the ascendant.随着加入的爱德华六世曾有人提出，在改革的信念，与西摩，也是一个新教，无所不能，在安理会中，并克兰默，现在能够证明他的手和他的工作会，党的改造，成为具有所有资源的综合国力，并在5年的统治（ 1547至1553年）仍洋洋得意，在方兴未艾。 This period witnessed the introduction of the great doctrinal and liturgical changes.这期间目睹了引进的伟大学说和礼仪的变化。
Denial of the Sacrifice of the Mass. - One of the cardinal principles of the Reformation which the German delegates had brought over in 1538 was that "the Mass is nothing but a Communion or synaxis" (Tunstall's Summary, MS Cleop. EV, 209).拒绝牺牲了马萨诸塞州之一-枢机主教的原则，改革，其中德国代表们带来了超过在1 538年的说法是： "群众是只不过是一个共融或s ynaxis" （ t unstall的总结，她c leop。电动汽车， 2 09） 。 Cranmer vehemently upheld this conception of the Eucharist.克兰默强烈支持这一构想的圣体圣事。 One of the first Acts under Edward VI was the introduction of a new English Communion Service, which was to be inserted at the end of the Mass, and which required Communion to be given under both kinds.首先采取的行动之一，根据爱德华六是引进了一种新的英语交流服务，那就是插在年底群众，并要求共融，以获得下两种。 This was soon after followed by a Book of Common Prayer, with a Communion Service entirely taking the place of the Latin Mass. Cranmer was the chief author of this book.这是不久后，一本书的共同祈祷，与共融的服务，完全以地方的拉美麻省克兰默是行政作者的这本书。 Whether it ever received the assent of Convocation has been questioned, but it was approved by Parliament in 1549.无论任何时候都得到了赞同的召开，已经受到质疑，但它是由议会批准，在1549年。 Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, in opposing Cranmer's denial of the Real Presence and of the Sacrifice of the mass, argued that even certain passages in the new Prayer Book implied the acceptance of these doctrines; whereupon Cranmer and his fellow-reformers drew up a new Prayer Book, still more Protestant in tone and character.加德纳，主教的温切斯特，在反对克兰默的否认了真正的存在和牺牲群众争辩说，即使某些段落，在新的祈祷书中暗示接受这些教条;车内克兰默和他的老乡改革者，制定了一个新的祈祷书，更是新教在语气和性格。 In it the order of the parts of the Communion Service was considerably altered, and the passages used by Gardiner as apparently favouring the Catholic doctrine were studiously eliminated, or so changed as to preclude in future any such interpretation, and all allusion to Altar or Sacrifice was carefully omitted (Gasquet and Bishop, Edward VI and the Book of Common Prayer, 289).在它的命令零件的共融服务是相当变造，以及机票，用加德纳看来偏袒天主教教义studiously被淘汰，或改变，以排除将来任何这类诠释，而所有的典故，以祭坛上牺牲精心省略（赛和主教，爱德华六及一书的共同祈祷， 289 ） 。 In 1552, this, the second Prayer Book of Edward VI, was authorized by Parliament.在1552年，这个，第二次的祈祷书中的爱德华六世被授权的议会。 A new Ordinal or Order for making bishops, priests, and deacons was compiled, from which in like manner all mention of the sacrificial office of the priesthood was rigorously excluded.一种新的有序或命令作出的主教，司铎和执事汇编成，其中以同样方式全部提的祭祀厅神职人员被严格排除在外。 It was approved by Parliament in 1552.它是由议会批准，在1552年。 In 1551, quite in harmony with this liturgical reform, an Order in Council issued to Bishop Ridley required the altars to be torn down, and movable tables substituted, while a statement of reasons was to be made to the people explanatory of the change, namely, "that the form of a table may more move and turn the simple from the old superstition of the Mass and to the right use of the Lord's Supper".在1551年，有不少在和谐与此礼仪改革，以便在安理会发表，以利礼贤主教要求神坛被拆除，并动产表取代，而声明的原因是为了向人们说明这个变化，即： " ，以表格的形式可能更动议，并把简单的从旧迷信的群众，并有权使用主的晚餐" 。
Suppression of Catholic practices.镇压天主教的做法。 - By Royal Proclamations and episcopal visitations, a multitude of Catholic practices and sacramentals, such as lights, incense, holy water, and palms, were suppressed. -由皇家布告和主教v isitations，千头万绪天主教做法和s acramentals，如灯，香，圣水，棕榈，受到打压。 These reforms, proceeding tentatively but rapidly, were initiated and carried out mainly by Cranmer and his set, and the reflected his beliefs and that of this fellow-reformers.这些改革出发，暂定，但迅速被启动，并进行了主要由克兰默和他的一套，并反映了他的信仰和说，这个老乡改革者。 The 42 Articles. 42个条款。 - In 1553, a royal decree was issued requiring the bishops and clergy to subscribe forty-two Articles of Religion which embodied in great part what had been contained in the Thirteen Articles agreed upon with the Germans. -在1 553年，一个皇家法令发出要求主教和神职人员订阅4 2条宗教体现在大部份已被包含在1 3条商定的，与德国人。 The article on the Eucharist had been significantly changed to agree, as Hooper attests, with the teachings of the Swiss reformer, Bullinger.文章对圣体圣事已经大大改变了赞同，而作为胡柏证明，与教义的瑞士改革者，布凌格。
Third Period: Elizabeth I (1558-1603)第三期：伊丽莎白一世（ 1558年至1603年）
In November, 1558, Queen Elizabeth succeeded Queen Mary, and immediately proceeded to restore the work of Henry VIII and Edward VI.在11月， 1558年，女王伊丽莎白二世成功玛丽，并立即着手恢复工作，亨利八世和爱德华六。
Based on Prayer Book of 1552.基于祈祷书中的第1552 。 - The new settlement of religion was based, not on the First Prayer Book of 1549, but on the more Protestant one of 1552. -新定居点的宗教依据，而不是靠祈祷第一本书的1 549年，但对更多的新教之一，第1 552。 The latter was adopted with a few slight modifications, and it remains for the most part substantially unchanged to the present day.后者是通过与数略有改动，它仍然在大多数情况大为改变，以目前一天。 The statement that Pius IV offered to approve the Prayer Book is devoid of all historical foundation.声明中表示，比约四，提供批准祈祷书是空洞的，所有的历史基础。 It has not a vestige of contemporary evidence to support it.它已经不是一个遗迹当代证据，以支持它。 Camden, the earliest Anglican historian who mentions it, says: "I never could find it in any writing, and I do not believe any writing of it to exist. To gossip with the mop is unworthy of any historian" (History, 59).坎登，最早的英国圣公会的一位历史学家提到它，说： "我从来没有能够找到这些信息在任何书面的，我不相信任何书面的，它存在了。闲话，以符合澳门币，是不值得任何历史学家" （历史， 59 ） 。 Fuller, another Anglican historian, describes it as the mere conjecture "of those who love to feign what they cannot find".更充分，又圣公会历史学家，把它描述为纯粹猜想"的那些爱假装什么，他们无法找到" 。
The 39 Articles. 39个条款。 - In 1563 the Edwardian Articles were revised in Convocation under Archbishop Parker. -在1 563年的爱德华七世条款作了修订，在召集下大主教帕克。 Some were added, others altered or dropped, and the number was reduced to Thirty-eight.有些人补充说，其他人篡改或下降，以及有多少个减少到38 。 In 1571, the XXIXth Article, despite the opposition of Bishop Guest, was inserted, to the effect that the wicked do not eat the Body of Christ. 1571年， xxixth文章，尽管反对派的主教客户，插入，其大意是恶人不要吃基督的身体。 The Articles, thus increased to Thirty-nine, were ratified by the Queen, and the bishops and clergy were required to assent and subscribe thereto.该条款，从而增加至39 ，分别批准了由女王，以及主教和神职人员必须赞同及订阅情况。
Calvinistic Influence. calvinistic影响力。 - During the whole of Elizabeth's long reign, the prevailing tone of Anglican teaching and literature was decidedly Genevan and Calvinistic (Dr. Prothero, English Hist. Rev., October, 1886). -在整个的伊丽莎白二世的长期统治，当时的语气圣公会教学和文学断然g enevan和c alvinistic（博士普罗特劳，英语2 50件， 1 0月， 1 886年） 。 In 1662 a reaction set in against Puritanism, and the Prayer Book, which had been suppressed during the Commonwealth, was brought back and subjected to revision in Convocation and Parliament.在1662年的反应定在对清教徒，并祈祷书，其中已被压制在英联邦，被带返，并遭受改版后召开国会。 The amendments made were numerous, but those of doctrinal significance were comparatively few, and of a kind to emphasize the Episcopal character of Anglicanism as against Presbyterianism.所作的修正，被众多的，但这些理论意义相对较少，一类以强调主教性格anglicanism对presbyterianism 。 The most notable were the reinsertion, with altered wording, of the Black Rubric (omitted by Elizabeth) and the introduction in the form of the words, "for the office of a Bishop" and "for the office of a Priest", in the Service of Ordination.最显着的人安插，变造的字眼，黑色标题（略由黄钱其濂）和介绍，在形成的，换言之， "该办事处的一位主教" ， "办公室的一名神职人员" ，在服务的统筹。
Anglican Formularies.圣公会处方。 -
The historic meaning and doctrinal significance of the Anglican formularies can only be determined by the candid and competent examination of the evidence as a whole,历史意义和理论意义的圣公会处方只能由坦率和主管考试的证据作为一个整体，
first, by the study of the plain meaning of the text;首先，通过学习明确含义的文本;
secondly, by the study of the historical setting and the circumstances in which they were framed and authorized;其次，这项研究的历史背景和在何种情况下，他们被诬陷，并授权;
thirdly, by the known beliefs of their chief authors and of those by whom they were accepted;第三，由已知的信念，他们的首席作者和那些谁被接受;
fourthly, by comparison with the Catholic pre-Reformation formularies which they supplanted;第四，经过比较与天主教会前改造处方，他们supplanted ;
fifthly, by the study of their sources and the exact value of their doctrinal terminology as found in the controversies of the time;第五，通过研究其来源和确切的价值，他们的教义术语，因为发现在争议过程中的时间;
sixthly-if the examination is not to be hopelessly narrow-by the study of general Reformation in Europe, of which the English Reformation, albeit with local and national characteristics, was both a part and a result.第六，如果考试不被绝望的狭隘所研究的一般性改造，在欧洲，其中以英语改革，尽管与地方和民族特色，既是一个部分，也是其结果。
Here it is only possible to state the conclusions arising from such an inquiry in briefest outline.在这里，它是唯一可能的陈述而得出的结论，这项调查在briefest大纲。
CONNECTION WITH THE PARENT MOVEMENT OF REFORMATION涉嫌与母公司运动的改造
There can be no doubt that the English Reformation is substantially a part of the great Protestant Reformation upheaval of the sixteenth century, and that its doctrine, liturgy, and chief promoters were to a very considerable extent derived from, and influenced by, the Lutheran and Calvinistic movements on the Continent.因此，可以毫无疑问，这英语改革是大大的一部份伟大的新教改革动荡的16世纪，它的教义，礼仪中，行政推动者都是一个相当大程度上源于，并影响，路德和calvinistic变动对非洲大陆。
First Bond: Personal债券第一：个人
There was first of all the living or personal connection.有第一次的全部生活或个人联系。 The great English Reformers who took the leading part in the work of Reformation in England &151; Cranmer, Barlow, Hooper, Parker, Grindal, Scory, May, Cox, Coverdale, and many others-were men who lived and laboured amongst the Protestants of the Continent, and remained in constant and cordial touch and communication with them.伟大的英语改革者，他们在同行中率先参与这项工作的改革，在英格兰&151;克兰默，巴卢，胡柏，帕克，格林德尔， scory ， 5月，考克斯， coverdale ，以及许多其他分别为男子，他们劳动，生活和当中的新教徒非洲大陆，并保持在恒定和亲切的接触，并与他们的沟通。 (See Original Letters of the Reformation.) Reciprocally, continental reformers, like Peter Martyr and Martin Bucer, were welcomed to England and made professors of Divinity at the universities. （见原信的改革） 。相对地，大陆的改革者，如彼得烈士和马丁塞珥，欢迎英格兰和教授所作的神性，在大学。 Others, like John a Lasco, and Paul Fagius, become the friends and guests of Cranmer.其他人，如约翰一lasco ，和保罗fagius ，成为朋友和客人的克兰默。
Second Bond: Doctrinal第二个键：理论
A second bond was the adoption of the same essential doctrines.第二个键是采用了相同的基本教义。 The great principles and tenets set forth in the works of Luther, Melanchthon, and Calvin, or Zwingli, are reproduced with or without modifications, but substantially, and often almost verbatim in the literature of the English Reformation.大原则和原理，提出了在工程的路德，梅兰希顿，美女，或zwingli ，转载或修改，但实质上，而且往往几乎是逐字在文献中的英语改革。 The chief doctrines which are essentially and specifically characteristic of the Protestant Reformation as a whole are the following nine:行政学说本质上属于和具体特点，新教改革作为一个整体是以下九项：
rejection of the Papacy,拒绝教宗，
denial of the Church Infallibility;否认教会infallibility ;
Justification by Faith only;因信称义只;
supremacy and sufficiency of Scripture as Rule of Faith;霸权和充足的经文作为法治的信念;
the triple Eucharistic tenet [viz.三重圣体圣事的特尼特[落成。 (a) that the Eucharist is a Communion or Sacrament, and not a Mass or Sacrifice, save in the sense of praise or commemoration; (b) the denial of Transubstantiation and worship of the Host; (c) the denial of the sacrificial office of the priesthood and the propitiatory character of the Mass]; （一）表示，圣体圣事是共融或圣餐，而不是一个集体或牺牲，拯救在意义上的表扬或纪念; （二）拒绝陷于变体说和崇拜的东道国; （三）拒绝祭祀办公室对神职人员和propitiatory性质的地下〕 ;
the non-necessity of auricular Confession;非必要性的耳廓自白;
the rejection of the invocation of the Blessed Virgin and the Saints;拒绝援引小圣和圣人;
the rejection of Purgatory and omission of prayers for the dead;拒绝炼狱与遗漏的祈祷，为死难者;
the rejection of the doctrine of Indulgences.拒绝中庸indulgences 。
To these may be added three disciplinary characteristics which are founded on doctrine:这可能增加了三项纪律的特点，是建基于学说：
the giving of Communion in both kinds;让共融在两种;
the substitution of tables for altars; and替换表神坛;
the abolition of monastic vows and the celibacy of the clergy.取消寺院的誓言和独身的神父。
These twelve doctrines and practices of the continental Reformation have undoubtedly, though not always in the same measure, entered into the fibre of the English Reformation, and have all found expression, more or less emphatic, in the Anglican formularies.十二学说和做法，对大陆的改革已经毫无疑问，但并不总是在同一措施，进入纤维的英语改革，并已全部找到表达的，更多或更少强调，在英国圣公会处方。 Hence, while the name "Protestant" is not found in the Prayer Book, it is used in the Coronation Service when the King promises to maintain "the Protestant religion as by law established".因此，虽然将名称改为"新教" ，是没有找到在祈祷书，它是用在加冕服务时，国王承诺，维持"新教宗教作为依法成立的" 。 It was from the beginning popularly applied to the Anglican beliefs and services.这是从一开始普遍应用到圣公会信仰和服务。 In the Act of Union the Churches of England and Ireland are styled "the Protestant Episcopal Church", a name still retained by the Anglican Church in America.在该法中的工会，教会的英格兰和爱尔兰称为"新教圣公会" ，这个名字仍然保留了由圣公会在美国。
Third Bond: Liturgical第三债券：礼仪
A third bond between the Reformation on the continent and that which took place in England is to be found in the actual composition of the formularies.第三债券之间的改革对大陆和说，发生在英国的则是被发现在实际组成的处方。 The Anglican Articles owe much, through the Thirteen Articles, to the Confession of Augsburg, and also to the Confession of Wurtemberg.圣公会文章太长，通过13条，以供认的奥格斯堡，同时也供认的wurtemberg 。 Notable portions of the baptismal, marriage, and confirmation services are derived from the "Simplex et Pia Deliberatio" which was compiled by the Lutheran Hermann von Wied, with the aid of Bucer and Melanchthon.显着部分的洗礼，婚姻，并确认服务，都源自于"简单等软脑膜deliberatio " ，这是由香港信义赫尔曼冯wied ，借助塞珥和梅兰希顿。 That a considerable part of the Anglican ordinal (without the distinctive form for each Order) is found in Bucer's "Scripta Anglica", has been pointed out by the late Canon Travers Smith.即相当一部分圣公会序（无鲜明的表格，供各阶） ，是发现在布策尔的" scripta英语" ，有议员指出，由已故的佳能Travers的史密斯。
Conclusion结论
In this triple bond-personal, doctrinal, and liturgical &151; the continental and Anglican Reformations are, amid many and notable differences, substantially and inseparably interwoven as parts of one and the same great religious movement.在这三键的个人，教义，礼仪&151;大陆和英国圣公会变革是，在许多显着的差别，而另一方面密不可分地交织部分是同一个伟大的宗教运动。
USE OF LITURGICAL REFORM TO DENY THE SACRIFICE使用礼仪改革否认牺牲
The comparison of the Anglican Prayer Book and Ordinal with the Pre-Reformation formularies which they replaced leads to a second conclusion which in harmony with the above.比较圣公会祈祷书序和与学前教育改革的处方，他们取代导致了第二个结论，在和谐与上述。 On making an analysis of what has been removed, and what has been retained, and what has been altered, it becomes unmistakably apparent that the main motive which determined and guided the construction of the new liturgy was the same as that which inspired the whole Reformation movement, namely: the determination to have the Lord's Supper regarded only as a Sacrament or Communion, and not as a Sacrifice, and to remove whatever indicated the sacrificial character of the Eucharist, or the Real, Objective Presence, in the Catholic sense, in which Christ is worshipped in the Host.对决策分析的是什么已被移除，并已保留，并已经改变了，它变成明白无误地看出，主要动机决心和引导建设新的礼仪中是一样的，因为它激发了整个改造运动，即：有决心有主的晚餐只能看作是从楼上掉了，或共融，而不是作为牺牲，以清除任何表示祭祀性质的圣体圣事的，还是真实的，客观的存在，在天主教意义上说，在这是基督的崇拜在东道国。
The Catholic liturgical forms, missal, breviary, pontifical, were in possession and had been in actual use for centuries.天主教礼仪形式， missal ， breviary ，宗座，分别拥有，并已在实际使用数百年。 In making a liturgical reform, it was by the necessity of the case impossible that the changes made should not have reference to them, standing as they did, in the relation of terminus a quo to a terminus ad quem of reformation.在作出礼仪的改革，都应该是由必要性的情况不可能发生的变化，取得了不应该提到它们，常委，因为他们确实，在关系总站一现状的一个总站终止的改革。 If the Sarum Missal, Breviary, and Pontifical are placed side by side with the Anglican Prayer Book and Ordinal, and a comparison made of the corresponding parts, the motive, drift, and intention of the framers are clearly revealed.如果sarum missal ， breviary ，宗座放在并排同英国国教祈祷书序，并比较了相应零件，动机，漂移，并意图的制定者显然是表露无遗。
In the Catholic Pontifical, in the Ordination services there are twenty-four passages which express with clearness the Catholic Sacerdotium, or sacrificial character of the office and work of the priesthood.在天主教罗马教皇，在协调服务，有24通道表达与晴空天主教sacerdotium ，或祭祀性质的办事处和工作的神职人员。 Of these not one was allowed to remain in the Anglican Ordinal.这不是一个被允许继续留在英国圣公会序。
In the Ordinary of the Mass alone there are some twenty-five points in which the sacrificial nature of the Eucharist and the Real Presence of Christ as a Victim are expressed or implied.在普通的群众就有一些25分，其中祭祀性质的圣体圣事和真实存在的基督作为受害者是明示或暗示。 All these have been suppressed and eliminated in the Anglican Communion Service, and passages of a Reformational or non-committal character substituted.所有这些，都受到压制和淘汰，在英国圣公会服务，以及机票，一改造或非初级品格取代。
Thus, with regard to no less than forty-nine places, the new formularies bear the mark of deliberate exclusion and of anti-sacrificial and anti-sacerdotal significance.因此，对于以不低于49的地方，新的处方承担该商标的刻意排斥和杀伤祭祀和反sacerdotal意义。 (See The Tablet, London, 12 June, 1897.) （见片，伦敦， 1897年6月12日） 。
DEVELOPMENT AND PARTIES发展和各方
Although the Anglican Articles and liturgy have been practically unchanged since 1662, it was inevitable that the life and thought of a religious body like the Church of England should present the note of development, and that such development should eventually out grow, or at least strain, the historic interpretation of the formularies, and the more so because there has been no living authority to adapt or readjust them to the newer needs or aspirations.虽然英国国教文章和礼仪中已几乎不变， 1662年以来，这是无法避免的表示，生活和思想的一个宗教机构，像英国教会应出席说明的发展，而且这种发展应该最终走出成长，或至少应变，历史解释的处方，而且越是如此，因为一直存在，并没有居住的权力，以适应或调整他们新的需求或期望。
The development may be said to have been guided by three main influences.发展可说是一直遵循三个主要因素影响。
There has been the deep-seated attachment to the principles of the Reformation in which the Anglican settlement was founded, and the determination to preserve the standards of belief and worship then established.已经根深蒂固依恋的原则，改革，其中圣公会沉降成立后，并决心维护该标准的信仰和崇拜，然后确定。 This loyalty to the Protestant character of the Anglican Church has produced the Low Church, or Evangelical, school of Anglicanism.这种忠诚，以新教性质圣公会已制作低教会或福音事工促进会，学校的anglicanism 。
A second influence is that of rationalism, which, both in England and in Germany, has acted as a solvent of Protestantism, especially in the form of destructive biblical criticism, and which, often in the effort to sublimate religion, has induced an aversion to all that is dogmatic, supernatural, or miraculous.第二个影响，就是理性主义，其中，无论是在英国和德国，充当了一个溶剂的新教，特别是在形式的破坏性圣经批评，其中，而且往往是在努力升华宗教，引起了反感所有这些都是教条化，超自然的，或者堪称奇迹。 Its exponents, who are numerous, learned, and influential, are generally classed as the Broad Church, or the Latitudinarian, school of Anglican religious thought.它的指数，他们是多不胜数，据悉，和有影响力的，通常被归类为广大教会，或latitudinarian ，学校的英国国教宗教思想。
A third influence which made itself felt upon Anglicanism, and one more vital and more penetrating and progressive than the other two, has been that of Catholicism, whether as reflected in Catholic antiquity or as beheld in the actual Catholic and Roman Church.三分之一的影响力，使自己感觉后， anglicanism ，和一个更有活力和更透彻和进步比其他两个，一直是天主教，无论是作为反映在天主教文物或看到在实际的天主教会和罗马教会。 The effect of this influence may be traced in what has been called the historic High Church party.此举的效果的影响，最早可追溯到在被称为历史性的高教堂。 A number of Anglican bishops and divines in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, while bitterly opposed to Rome, and loyally Protestant, stood above the prevailing low level of churchmanship, and put forward higher and philocatholic views, in the matters of Church authority, belief, and worship.一些英国圣公会主教和divines在十七世纪和十八世纪，而坚决反对罗马，并忠实地新教，站在上面普遍存在低水平的churchmanship ，并提出了更高philocatholic意见，在事情的教会权威，信仰，和崇拜。 Although comparatively few in number, and vehemently assailed by their fellow churchmen, they were destined to serve as a point d'appui for a subsequent development.虽然相对数量少，并强烈抨击其同胞牧师，他们注定要服务为出发点和落脚点-和支持，为随后的发展。 Such writers as Bishop Andrews (d. 1626), Bishop Overall (d. 1644), Bishop Montague (d. 1641), Archbishop Laud (d. 1644), Archbishop Bramhall (d. 1663), Dr. Thorndike (d. 1672), Bishop Ken (d. 1711), Dr Waterland (d. 1740), may be regarded as representative of this section.这样的作家，作为主教安德鲁斯（四1626年） ，总主教（四1644 ） ，主教蒙太（四1641 ） ，大主教赞扬（四1644 ） ，大主教bramhall （四1663 ） ，博士桑代克（四1672 ） ，主教肯（四1711 ） ，博士waterland （四17时40 ） ，可被视为代表本节规定。
OXFORD MOVEMENT牛津运动
(See also OXFORD MOVEMENT.) （亦见牛津运动） 。
In 1833 a strong current of popular opinion directed against the Anglican Church aroused in its defense the zeal of a small band of Oxford students and writers, who gradually gathered under the informal leadership of John Henry Newman.在1833年一个强大电流的民意，针对圣公会引起其防御热情的一个小乐队的牛津学生和作家，他们逐渐聚集领导人非正式的纽曼。 Among these were John Keble, C. Marriott, Hurrell Froude, Isaac Williams, Dr. Pusey, and WG Ward.在这些人约翰keble ，长万豪， hurrell弗劳德，艾萨克威廉斯博士pusey ，及工作小组病房。 Their object was to make good for the Anglican Church its claim to the note of Catholicity.其目的是要好好为圣公会其索赔说明中的共通性。 Their task led them to look both behind and outside the sphere of the Reformation.他们的任务，带领他们共同期待都抛在后面，范围之外的改革。
By forming a catena of Anglican High Church divines of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries on one side, and a catena of certain Fathers on the other, it was hoped that a quasi-continuous chain of Catholic tradition could be made to connect the Anglican Church of their day with Catholic antiquity.通过形成一个catena的圣公会高教会divines的十七世纪和十八世纪一方，并catena某些父亲就其他问题，希望一个准连续链的天主教会传统的，可以作出连接圣公会他们每天与天主教文物。 Translations of the Fathers, works on liturgy, the festivals of the "Christian Year", and above all a memorable series of "Tracts for the Times", conveyed with telling force the newer and broader conceptions of churchmanship which entered into the spirit of the defenders.翻译的父亲，工程礼仪中，节日的"基督教" ，而且首先是一个难忘的一系列"大片为时代" ，转达了同告诉力量较新的和更广泛的概念churchmanship其中进入精神上来，把维护者。
In "Tract 90" an attempt was made, somewhat on the lines of Sancta Clara, to show that the Anglican Articles might in certain aspects be reconciled to the teaching of the Council of Trent.在"道90 "有人企图，就有点线条sancta克拉拉，这表明了英国圣公会的文章，可能在某些方面加以调和，以教学安理会的遄达。 The result was a doctrinal and devotional crisis such as England had not witnessed since the Reformation, and the Oxford or Tractarian movement, during the twelve years from Keble's sermon on "National Apostasy", in 1833, to Newman's conversion in 1845, formed a historic epoch in the annals of Anglicanism.结果，是一个理论性和灵修的危机，如英格兰没有亲眼目睹，自宗教改革和牛津或tractarian运动，在十二年从keble的说教，对"国家叛教" ，在1833年，纽曼的转换，在1845年，成立了一个历史性的在划时代的史册anglicanism 。 The fact that the work of the movement was informally a study de Ecclesiâ brought both the writers and their readers more directly face to face with the claims of the Church of Rome.事实，那就是工作，该运动是非正式的一项研究德ecclesiâ带来的无论是作家与读者更直接，面对面地与索赔的罗马教会。
A large number of those who took part in the movement, and notably its great leader, became Catholics, while others, in remaining Anglicans, gave a new and pro-Catholic direction and impulse to Anglican thought and worship.大批那些参加运动，尤其是它的伟大领袖，成为天主教徒，而其他国家，在其余教教徒，作出了新的和亲天主教的方向和冲动圣公会思想和崇拜。 It may be said that in the case of Newman, Oakley, Wilberforce, Ward, and a host of others, the research of the nature of Catholicity and the rule of faith brought them to realize the need of the living voice of a Divine magisterium (the regula proxima fidei), and failing to find it in the Anglican episcopate, they sought it where alone it could be found.可以说，在案件纽曼，厂商Oakley ，威尔伯福斯，病房，以及许多其他人，研究性质的共通性和法治的信念，使他们认识到有必要对生活的声音神magisterium （该规范宝施马信） ，并没有找到它在英国圣公会主教，他们寻求它那里就有可能被找到。
Others, like Pusey, Marriott, Keble, sought what they called the voice of the "Church" in the inanimate formularies (or regula remota) which, after all, was merely adding the Fathers, the liturgies, and conciliar definitions to the Scripture as the area over which they still used, after the manner of true Protestants, their private judgement.另一些国家如pusey ，万豪， keble ，寻求他们所谓的声音， "教会" ，在无生命的处方药（或规范remota ） ，其中，毕竟，仅仅是加入了父亲， liturgies ， conciliar定义，以圣经作为面积超过它们仍在使用，以后的方式真实新教徒，他们的私人判断。 The same principle is always more or less at work and goes as far now as then to sift those who come from those who stay.同样的原则始终是较多或较少，在工作和竟把太远了，因为然后筛选那些来自那些留下来的人。 [If we bear in mind that by "Church" was thus meant the silent self-interpreted formularies (or regula remota), and by "Bishops" the living magisterium (or regula proxima) sought in Anglicanism, we shall feel that there is a great truth contained in Pusey's well-known saying, three years after the secession of Newman: "I am not disturbed, because I never attached any weight to bishops. It was perhaps the difference between Newman and me. He threw himself upon the bishops and they failed him. I threw myself on the English Church and the Fathers, as under God, her support" (Letter to C. Marriott, 2 January, 1848)]. [如果我们紧记，由"教会" ，因此意味着沉默的自我解释处方（或规范remota ） ，以及由"主教团"的生活magisterium （或规范宝施马）要求在anglicanism ，我们会觉得这是一个伟大的真理载pusey知名的话说，三年后，分裂国家的纽曼说： "我并不感到不安，因为我从来不附加任何重量，以主教，这或许是区别纽曼和我的，他全身心地后，主教和他们没有让我义无返顾地对自己的英语教堂和父亲，因为根据上帝，她的支持" （信长万豪， 1848年1月2日） ] 。
ANGLICAN REVIVAL圣公会复苏
Although the Oxford movement is regarded as having come to a close at the conversion of Dr. Newman in 1845, a large section of the Anglican public had been much too profoundly stirred by its ideals ever to return to the narrowness of the religious horizons which were bounded by the Reformation.虽然牛津运动视为即告结束，在转换的博士纽曼在1845年，一个大型的一段圣公会公众一直太深刻激起其理想以往任何时候都回归到狭隘的宗教视野，其中位于改革。 Its influence has survived in the unceasing flow of converts to the Catholic Faith, and is shown in the Anglican Church itself by the notable change of belief, temperament, and practice which is known as the Anglican Revival.它的影响力已经成活，在不断流的转换，以天主教信仰，是表现在英国国教教会本身所录得显着变化的信仰，气质好，实践好，这是众所周知的，因为英国圣公会的复兴。 The last fifty years (1860-1910) have witnessed the development of an influential and growing school of religious thought which, amid the inconsistencies of its position, has steadily laboured to Catholicize the Church of England.在过去50年（ 1860至1910年）曾目击发展的一个有影响力和成长学校的宗教思想，其中，中不一致的，其位置，稳步辛劳，以catholicize英国教会。 It has set up the claim, hopelessly untenable in the face of historical evidence, that the Anglican Church is one and continuous with the Ancient Catholic Church of the country, and is an integral portion of the Catholic Church of today.它已成立了索赔时，绝望地站不住脚，在面对历史证据，即圣公会是一个不断与古代天主教的国家，而且是一个不可分割的部分天主教教会的今天。 It professes to be able to give to Anglicans all that the Catholic Church gives to her members, save communion with the Holy See.它自称可以给教教徒都认为，天主教会，让她的成员，保存与圣座共融。 Through possessing neither the learning nor the logic of the Tractarians, it exercises a wider and more practical influence, and has won the favour of a large body of the Anglican public by importing into the Anglican services something of the beauty and power which it has borrowed from Catholic teaching and ritual.通过藏既不学习，也不是逻辑的tractarians ，实行更广泛和更实际的影响力，赢得了赞成的，一大片的圣公会公众通过进口到英国圣公会服务的东西的美与力量，它借用了由天主教教学和礼仪。 At the same time it has in many centers earned the respect and attachment of the masses by the example of zeal and self-sacrifice given by its clergy.在同一时间，它已在许多中心赢得了尊重和依恋，对群众所举例的热情和自我牺牲精神，赋予其神职人员。
It was natural that this advance section of the Anglican Church should seek to ratify its position, and to escape from its fatal isolation, by desiring some scheme of corporate reunion and especially by endeavouring to obtain some recognition of the validity of its orders.这很自然，这条前进的圣公会应寻求批准其地位，并摆脱其致命的分离，由渴望一些计划的公司团聚，特别是通过努力取得了一些识别的有效性，它的命令。 With the truest charity, which consists in the candour of truth, Pope Leo XIII in his Encyclical on Unity, pointed out that there can be no reunion expect on the solid basis of dogmatic unity and submission to the divinely instituted authority of the Apostolic See.与真实的慈善活动，其中包括在坦率的真理，教宗利奥十三世在他的通谕中对他们的团结，指出，目前不可能有任何期待团聚就奠定了坚实的基础的教条式的统一和提交给神建立权威的使徒见。 In September, 1896, after a full and exhaustive inquiry, he issued a Bull declaring Anglican Orders to be "utterly null and void", and in a subsequent Brief addressed to the Archbishop of Paris, he required all Catholics to accept this judgment as "fixed, settled, and irrevocable" (firmum, ratum et irrevocabile).今年9月， 1896年，经过充分和详尽的调查，他发表了牛市宣告圣公会命令，以"绝对无效" ，并在随后的简短讲话，以大主教的巴黎，他要求所有天主教徒接受这项判决为"固定下来，不得撤回" （ firmum ， ratum等irrevocabile ） 。
The Anglican Revival continues to reiterate its claim and to appropriate to itself, where practical, whatever in Catholic doctrine, liturgy, and practice, church vestments or church furniture, it finds helpful to its purpose.圣公会复兴继续重申其要求，并以适当的本身，而实际的，无论在天主教教义，礼拜仪式和实践结合起来，教会总有一套或教会家具，它认为有助于为自己的宗旨。 By the Lambeth judgment of 1891 it acquired a public sanction for many of its innovations.由琳宝的判断1891年，它获得了公众的制裁措施，它的许多创新。 Since then it has gone further, and holds that no authority in the Church of England can override things which are authorized by "Catholic consent".从那时以来，它已向前迈进一步，并认为，没有权威，在英国教会也可以忽略的东西，这是授权的"天主教同意" 。 It stands thus in the illogical and unhistorical position of a system which is philocatholic in its views and aspirations, but hopelessly committed to heresy and to heretical communication, and built upon an essentially Protestant foundation.它站在因此，在不合逻辑和保位置的一个制度是philocatholic在其意见和愿望，但绝望地致力于异端邪教的沟通，并建立在一个基本上是新教的基础。 Although to Catholics its very claim is an impious usurpation of what belongs of right to the Catholic Church alone, it fulfils an informal mission of influencing English public opinion, and of familiarizing the English people with Catholic doctrines and ideals.虽然以天主教徒非常索赔是一个impious侵财哪些属于权利天主教单，它履行了一个非正式的使命是影响英语民意，并熟悉了英语的人，与天主教的教义和理想。
Like the Oxford movement, it educates more pupils than it can retain, and works upon premises which cannot but carry it in the long run farther than it is willing to go.像牛津运动，它培养更多学生比，它可以保留，并经工程处所，这不能不随身携带，在长远而言，远超过它愿意去。 A branch theory which is repudiated by the principal branches, or a province theory which is unknown to the rest of the provinces, and a continuity theory of which more than twelve thousand documents in the Record Office and the Vatican Library are the overwhelming refutation, cannot form a standing ground which is other than temporary and transitional.的一个分支理论，是推翻由校长分行，或一个省的理论是不知道的，其余的省份，并延续理论，其中超过12000文件中的记录办公室与梵蒂冈图书馆是压倒一驳，不能组成一个常设的地面是比其他临时和过渡性的。 In the meantime, its work amongst the masses is often a species of catechumenate for Catholicism, and in all cases it is an active solvent and a steady undoing of the English Reformation.在此期间，其工作之一，人民群众往往是一个物种的慕道为天主教，并在所有情况下，这是一个积极的溶剂和稳健打倒的英语改革。
STATISTICS统计
The number of Catholics in the world (1910) is said to exceed 230,000,000 (estimates by M. Fournier de Flaix, see The American Statistical Association Quarterly for March 1892).有多少天主教徒，在世界上（ 1910 ） ，是说，超过2.3亿（估计米的Fournier德flaix ，看到美国统计协会每季度为1892年3月） 。 The number belonging to the Greek and Eastern Churches is about 100,000,000.有多少属于希腊和东欧教会大约是1.0亿。 The number of Anglicans in all countries is something less than 25,000,000.有多少教徒在所有国家是少于25000000 。 Thus the relative proportion of those three Christian bodies which are sometimes grouped as being Episcopalian in constitution may be fairly stated by the three figures 23, 10, 2.5.因此，相对比例的三个基督教团体，有时为圣公会在宪法可能是公允的，由3个数字， 23年， 10年， 2.5 。 The growth of Anglicanism has followed mainly upon the expansion of the Anglo-Saxon race.生长anglicanism遵循主要是扩大了盎格鲁-撒克逊种族。 Its area may be said to include, besides the three nucleal countries (England, Ireland, Scotland), six others, namely: the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and India.它的面积可以说是包括，除了三个nucleal国家（英国，爱尔兰，苏格兰） ，其他6个，分别是：美国，加拿大，澳大利亚，新西兰，南非和印度。 But the bulk of its membership, in fact more than two-thirds, is to be found in England.但是，其大部分成员，实际上三分之二以上的，是要发现在英格兰。 In all the other countries of its areas it is in a minority of the Christian population.在所有其他国家的其职权范围内，它是在一个少数的基督徒人口。 In five of them-Ireland, Scotland, the United States, Canada, and India &151; its numbers are considerably exceeded by those of the Catholic Church.在五人-爱尔兰，苏格兰，美国，加拿大，印度等&151;其人数大大超出这些的天主教教会。 Its foreign missions are very generously supported, and have extended their activity far into the heathen countries.它的外国使团都非常慷慨支持，并扩大其活动远远纳入异教徒国家。 The following table is compiled from comparatively recent statistics.下表是汇编了从较近期的统计数据。 The numbers given are of members, except when it is stated to be of communicants.该号码是成员，除了当它向具有者。 The ratio of communicants to members may be anything between 1 in 3 and 1 in 8.比例communicants向各位议员可能会有所之间1 3和1 8例。
| COUNTRY国家 | TOTAL CHRISTIAN POPULATION基督教总人口 | NUMBER OF ANGLICANS有多少教徒 |
| England英格兰 | 32,526,075 32526075 | Between 13 and 17 millions or 2,223,207 communicants介乎十三至十七百万或2223207 communicants |
| Ireland爱尔兰 | 4,458,775 4458775 | 581,089 581089 |
| Scotland苏格兰 | 4,472,103 4472103 | 134,155 (Epis. Ch of Scotland &151; Year Book, 1906) 134155 （ epis.甲烷苏格兰&151;年鉴， 1906 ） |
| United States美国 | 76,303,387 76303387 | 823,066 communicants 823066 communicants |
| Canada加拿大 | 5,371,051 5371051 | 680,346 680346 |
| Australia澳大利亚 | 3,774,282 3774282 | 1,256,673 1256673 |
| New Zealand新西兰 | 772,719 772719 | 315,263 315263 |
| South Africa南非 | 1,135,735 1135735 | Under 300,000 or 48,487 communicants根据300000或48487 communicants |
| India印度 | 2,923,241 2923241 | 453,462 453462 |
The foregoing statistics concerning the Christian population of England and her dependencies are, with the exception of Australia and New Zealand, taken from the Census, 1901 (British Empire Official Year Book, which is also to be consulted for the Anglican population of Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, and India).前述统计关于基督教人口的英格兰和她相依是，除澳大利亚和新西兰，从人口普查， 1901年（大英帝国的官方邮票年册，也就是要广泛征询公众意见，为英国圣公会人口的爱尔兰，加拿大，新西兰和印度） 。 The figures for the Christian populations of Australia, in 1901, and New Zealand are given respectively in "Whitaker's Almanac", 1906, which includes 6,851 aborigines, and the "New Zealand year Book", 1904, which excludes the Maoris.数字基督教人口的澳大利亚，在1901年，新西兰等分别给出了"惠特克的年历" ， 1906年，其中包括6851年原住民， "新西兰一年书" ， 1904年，其中不包括毛利人。 The Christian population of the United States is based on the Abstract of the twelfth Census, and that of South Africa on the European population, 1904, as contained in "Whitaker's Almanac", 1906.基督教美国人口总数的是摘要的基础上的第十二次人口普查结果，并表示，南非对欧洲人口， 1904年，载于"惠特克的年历" ， 1906年。 For several decades there has been no return of religious denominations in the British Government Census.几十年来一直存在，并没有返回的宗教教派在英国政府的人口普查。 The Church of England is popularly estimated to include about 17,000,000.英国教会普遍估计包括约17000000 。 Its official "Year Book" (1906), which is also the authority for the number of communicants in the United States and South Africa, gives the number of communicants in England, as 2,223,207.其官方的"年鉴" （ 1906 ） ，也就是权力的人数communicants在美国和南非，让多少communicants在英格兰，为2223207 。 This multiplied by 6 would give a membership of 13,339,242.本乘以6将给予会员13339242 。 The same authority give the number of baptisms as 615,621.同一当局给予多少受洗为615621 。 This, upon the usual multiple of 22.5, would give a membership of 13,860,000.为此，经惯常的倍数为22.5 ，让会员有1386.0万。 The number belonging to the Church of England would thus seem to be between thirteen and seventeen millions.有多少属于英国教会，因此，似乎介于13和17亿。 For the number of Anglicans in Australia in 1901, refer again to "Whitaker's Almanac", 1906.该号码的教徒，在澳大利亚在1901年，再次提及"惠特克的年历" ， 1906年。
Publication information Written by J. Moyes.出版信息写了J.莫耶斯。 Transcribed by Nicolette Ormsbee.转录由nicolette ormsbee 。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I. Published 1907.天主教百科全书第一卷出版， 1907年。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, March 1, 1907. nihil obstat ， 1907年3月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人头马lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教纽约
Bibliography参考书目
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