Old School Presbyterians maintained Calvinist orthodoxy from the 1830s to the 1860s.老學校長老保持加爾文主義的正統從19世紀30年代到19世紀60年代。 Princeton theologians Archibald Alexander and Charles Hodge believed that their theology faithfully reflected Reformed beliefs and should be central in American Presbyterianism. They contended that their Calvinism was historically aligned with the Westminster Confession of Faith, John Calvin, Augustine, and the Bible itself.普林斯頓大學神學阿奇博爾德亞歷山大和查爾斯霍奇認為，他們的神學忠實地反映改革的信念，並應中央在美國長老會。他們爭辯說，他們的加爾文主義是符合歷史威斯敏斯特信條，約翰卡爾文，奧古斯丁，和聖經本身。 The very term "Old School theology" indicates that its adherents wanted to retain traditional Reformed doctrines. They wanted a "consistent Calvinism" and developed distinct views on confessionalism, revivalism, and church polity.非常的“老學校神學”表明，其信徒希望保留傳統的改革理論。他們想要一個“一致的加爾文主義”和發達國家不同的意見自白，復古，和教會政體。 Because of their stand on these issues, the Old School faction expelled the New School from the church in 1837 for having diverged from them.由於他們的立場，這些問題，老學校派驅逐了新學校從1837年教會了偏離他們。
Believing that doctrinal orthodoxy was of primary importance in Christian faith, Old School men desired a strict confessionalism or subscription to the Westminster Confession.相信正統理論是最重要的基督教信仰，老男人理想的學校嚴格的自白或訂閱的韋斯敏斯德。 Several New School leaders such as Albert Barnes and Lyman Beecher were accused of holding sub - Calvinist views related to the New Haven theology of Nathaniel W Taylor.幾種新型的學校領導，如阿爾伯特巴恩斯和萊曼比徹被指控舉行分-加爾文主義的觀點與紐黑文神學納撒尼爾W泰勒。 Alexander and Hodge answered Taylor in seven articles in the Princeton Review (1830 - 31) by stressing Reformed doctrines such as the imputation of Adam's sin (Adam acted as a representative for all men and his sin was counted against them), Christ's substitutionary atonement, and the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit.亞歷山大和霍奇回答泰勒在七篇文章在普林斯頓評論（ 1830年至1831年） ，強調改革的理論，如估算亞當的罪孽（亞當作為一名代表所有男人和他的罪過是對他們的計數） ，基督的substitutionary贖罪，和再生工作的聖靈。
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The Old School party also strongly supported Presbyterian polity as most consistent with a Reformed view of the church.老派黨也堅決支持長老政體作為最符合改革鑑於教堂。 Arguing that church order was a matter of faith, they opposed a plan of union with Congregationalists and claimed that Presbyterian polity provided discipline necessary to prevent errors in doctrine and practice which Congregationalism lacked.教會認為，為了是一個信仰問題，他們反對計劃的工會與公理，並聲稱長老政體提供了必要的紀律，以防止錯誤理論和實踐的缺乏公理。 They also repudiated the social activism of voluntary societies, preferring that education and mission activities take place within the institutional church, where it also could be guided by the church's confession.他們還否定了社會活動的自願的社會，寧願，教育和特派團的活動發生在教會的體制，它也可遵循教會的供詞。
In 1869 New and Old Schools reunited, primarily because during the schism New School theology had become more orthodox. 1869年新老學校團聚，這主要是因為在新學校分裂神學已變得更為正統。
WA
Hoffecker西澳Hoffecker
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（規矩福音字典）
Bibliography
目錄
A Alexander,
Evidences of the Authenticity, Inspiration and Authority of the Holy Scriptures;
SJ Baird, A History of the New School; AA Hodge, The Life of Charles Hodge; C
Hodge, Systematic Theology; Princeton Review, 1837 -
69.阿亞歷山大，證據的真實性，啟示和權威的聖經;律政司司長貝爾德，史新學校;機管局霍奇，生命查爾斯霍奇; ç霍奇，系統神學;普林斯頓評論，
1837年至1869年。
Lyman Beecher (1775-1863) was an American Presbyterian clergyman, born in New Haven, Connecticut, and educated at Yale College (now Yale University).萊曼比徹（ 1775年至1863年）是美國長老會牧師，出生在紐黑文，康涅狄格州，並在耶魯大學教育學院（現為美國耶魯大學） 。 He became pastor of the Presbyterian Church at East Hampton, New York, in 1798.他成為牧師長老教會在東漢普頓，紐約， 1798年。 At this church, in 1804, he attained national prominence through his brilliant sermon on the death of the American statesman Alexander Hamilton, who was killed in a duel with the American statesman Aaron Burr.在這個教堂，在1804年，他獲得國家突出通過他的光輝講道死亡的美國政治家亞歷山大漢密爾頓，誰被打死了決鬥與美國的政治家阿龍伯爾。 Beecher held pastorates successively at Litchfield, Connecticut, and Boston between 1810 and 1832, and during this period he became known as one of the most eloquent preachers of his time.徹舉行pastorates先後在利奇菲爾德，康涅狄格州和波士頓之間的1810年和1832年，在此期間，他被稱為一個最雄辯的傳教士的時間。 He also was one of the leaders of a Presbyterian faction, called the New School, that opposed the strict doctrine and discipline of the conservative Presbyterians, called the Old School.他還的領導人之一的長老會派，所謂的新學校，反對嚴格的原則和紀律，保守的長老，所謂的老學校。
In 1832 Beecher was appointed first president of Lane Theological Seminary, near Cincinnati, Ohio, and pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati.在1832年徹被任命為第一任總統巷神學院，靠近俄亥俄州辛辛那提，和牧師的第二長老教會辛辛那提。 His doctrinal liberalism soon brought him into conflict with his regional superiors.他的理論的自由主義很快使他陷入衝突區域與他的上級。 In 1835 he was tried by the presbytery on charges of heresy and hypocrisy, but was acquitted.在1835年他被審判的長老，罪名是異端邪說和虛偽，但被無罪釋放。 The Presbyterian Synod, to which the verdict was appealed, sustained his acquittal in the same year.長老會議，對此判決提出上訴，維持無罪釋放他在同一年。 When the schism foreshadowed by the Old School - New School controversy finally developed in 1838, Beecher adhered to the New School. He continued to preach at his Cincinnati church until 1842 and retained the titular presidency of Lane Theological Seminary for the remainder of his life.當分裂所預示的老學校-新學校的爭議終於在1 838年制定，徹加入了新學校。他繼續鼓吹他的辛辛那提教堂，直到1 842年，並保留名譽主席巷神學院的剩餘他的生命。 He was the father of 13 children, among them the noted American writer Harriet Beecher Stowe.他的父親13名兒童，其中包括美國作家指出哈里特比徹斯托。 All seven of his sons became clergymen.所有七個兒子成為神職人員。 His writings include Collected Works (3 volumes, 1852) and Autobiography and Correspondence (1863).他的著作包括文集（ 3卷， 1852年）和自傳和書信（ 1863年） 。
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