Ali Ben Abu Talib
(656-661) (1st Imam) Ben Ali Abu Talib (656-661) (1 °
Imam)
al-Hasan (661-669) (2nd
Imam) Al-Hasan (661-669) (2 ° Imam)
al-Husayn (669-680) (3rd
Imam) Al-Husayn (669-680) (3 ° Imam)
Ali Zayn al-'Abidin
(680-713) (4th Imam) O Zayn al-'Abidin (680-713) (4a
Imam)
Muhammad
al-Baqir (713-733) (5th Imam) Muhammad al-Baqir
(713-733) (5 ° Imam)
Ja'far al-Sadiq
(733-765) Ja'far al-Sadiq (733-765)
(or Jafar ibn Muhammad) (6th
Imam) (O Muhammad ibn Jafar) (6 ° Imam)
(Ismailis,
Isma'iliyyah) (Ismailis, Isma'iliyyah)
(Sevener Shi'ites)
(Sevener sciiti)
Ismail (died before,
760,) Ismail (morto prima, 760,)
(7th
imam, last for Ismailis) (7a imam, per ultimo
Ismailis)
or Muhammad , his
son O Muhammad, il figlio
(either is considered to
still be alive, hiding) (O è considerata essere ancora in
vita, nascondendo)
(Fatimids) (through
Ismail) () (Fatimids attraverso Ismail)
Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi
(909- ) Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi (909 -)
al-Qa'im
Al-Qa'im
al-Mansur
-972) Al-Mansur -972)
Moizz (972- )
Moizz (972 -)
Al-Hakim (3rd
Fatimid Caliph) Al-Hakim (3 ° Califfo Fatimide)
Abu 'Ali al-Mansur
al-Hakim (985-1021) Abu 'Ali al-Mansur al-Hakim
(985-1021)
(6th Fatimid Caliph)
(6 ° Califfo Fatimide)
al-Mustansir (
-1094) Al-Mustansir (-1.094)
al-Mustali (1094- )
began Musta'liyyah Al-Mustali (1094 -) ha iniziato
Musta'liyyah
he
killed brother, Nizar , began Nizariyyah, Nizaris,
Khojas Ha ucciso il fratello, Nizar, iniziò
Nizariyyah, Nizaris, Khojas
(
-1171) (-1171)
(overthrown by Saladin
1171) (1171)
(but
endures as the Druzes) (Ma dura come il Druzes)
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Twelver Shi'ites,
Imamiyyah Twelver sciiti, Imamiyyah
(Ithna Ashariyya)
(Ithna Ashariyya)
Musa al-Kazim
(765-799) (7th imam) Musa al-Kazim (765-799) (7a
imam)
'Ali al-Rida
(799-818) (8th Imam) 'Ali al-Rida (799-818) (8a
Imam)
Muhammad al-Jawad
(818-835) (9th Imam) Muhammad al-Jawad (818-835) (9 °
Imam)
'ali al-Hadi
(835-868) (10th Imam) 'O al-Hadi (835-868) (10a
Imam)
al-Hasan al-'Askari
(868-874) (11th Imam) Al-Hasan al-'Askari (868-874)
(11 Imam)
had student ibn
Nusayr (d.868), began Nusayris, Nusayriyyah Era studente
ibn Nusayr (d.868), ha iniziato Nusayris, Nusayriyyah
Muhammad al-Mahdi
(12th Imam, last) Muhammad al-Mahdi (12 Imam,
ultimo)
(considered to still be
alive, hiding) (Considerato essere ancora in vita,
nascondendo)
(Buwayhids)
(Buwayhids)
(945-
) (945 -)
Adid
( -1171) Adid (-1171)
(conquered by Saladin
1171) (1171)
Ayyubids
Ayyubids
Saladin (1171-1193)
Saladino (1171-1193)
al-Adil (1193-1218)
Al-Adil (1193-1218)
al-Kamil (1218-1238)
Al-Kamil (1218-1238)
(
-1249) (-1249)
(conquered by Mamelukes
1249) (1249)
(Babis)
(Babis)
(1830- ) (1830
-)
Ali
Muhammad Shirazi ( -1850), started Babism Muhammad Ali
Shirazi (-1850), ha iniziato Babismo
Mirza
Husayn Ali Nuri (c.1863), started Ba'hai Mirza Husayn Ali
Nuri (c.1863), ha iniziato Ba'hai
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. (c. 650 - c.720) Often called the
Puritans of Islam, as they demanded purity of conscience as well as
body. (C. 650 - c.720) Spesso chiamato il Puritans di Islam, in
quanto richiesto purezza della coscienza, nonché il corpo. They tended to brand everyone who
did not agree with them as unbelievers. Essi tendono a marchio
chiunque non sia d'accordo con loro come miscredenti. A sub-sect, the Azraqites,
believed in such rigid following of the Koran as to massacre large groups
of Muslims who had allegedly committed grave sins. Un sub-setta, la
Azraqites, creduto in questo rigido seguenti del Corano, come il massacro
di grandi gruppi di musulmani che avrebbe commesso peccati gravi.
Interestingly, Kharijites were
very tolerant of non-Muslims. Curiosamente, Kharijites erano molto
tollerante dei non-musulmani. |
Umayyad Caliphs
(661-750) Omayyadi Caliphs (661-750)
- Muawiyah I ibn Abu
Sufyan (661-680) Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan
(661-680)
related to Uthman
Relativi a Uthman
- Yazid
I ibn Muawiyah (680-683) Yazid ibn Muawiyah I
(680-683)
- Muawiya II ibn Yazid
(683-684) Muawiya ibn Yazid II (683-684)
- Marwan
I (684-685) Marwan I (684-685)
- Abd
al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
(685-705)
- al-Walid I ibn Abd
al-Malik (705-715) Al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik
(705-715)
- Suleiman ibn Abd
al-Malik (715-717) Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik
(715-717)
- Umar
ibn Abd al-Aziz (717-720) Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
(717-720)
- Yazid
II ibn Abd al-Malik (720-724) Yazid II ibn Abd
al-Malik (720-724)
- Hisham
ibn Abd al-Malik (724-743) Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
(724-743)
- al-Walid II ibn Abd
al-Malik (743-744) Al-Walid II, ibn Abd al-Malik
(743-744)
- Yazid
III ibn Abd al-Malik (744) Yazid III ibn Abd al-Malik
(744)
- Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Malik
(744) Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Malik (744)
- Marwan
II (744-750) Marwan II (744-750)
(end of
Umayyad) (Fine del Omayyadi)
(conquered by Abbasids
750) (Conquistata da abbasidi 750)
Umayyad
Caliphs of Cordoba Califfi Omayyadi di Cordoba
(Spanish
Umayyads) (929-1031) (Spagnolo Ommayyadi) (929-1031)
- Abd-ar-rahman I, escaped to
Spain, 756-788 Abd-ar-rahman I, sfuggito alla Spagna,
756-788
- Abd-ar-rahman III , as
caliph, 929-961 Abd-ar-rahman III, come califfo,
929-961
- Al-Hakam II ,
961-976 Al-Hakam II, 961-976
- Hisham
II , 976-1008 Hisham II, 976-1008
- civil war
(1008-1028) La guerra civile (1008-1028)
- Mohammed II ,
1008-1009 Maometto II, 1008-1009
- Suleiman ,
1009-1010 Suleiman, 1009-1010
- Hisham
II , restored, 1010-1012 Hisham II, restaurata,
1010-1012
- Suleiman , restored,
1012-1017 Suleiman, restaurata, 1012-1017
- Abd-ar-rahman IV ,
1021-1022 Abd-ar-rahman IV, 1021-1022
- Abd-ar-rahman V ,
1022-1023 Abd-ar-rahman V, 1022-1023
- Muhammad III ,
1023-1024 Maometto III, 1023-1024
- Hisham
III , 1027-1031 Hisham III, 1027-1031
Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad
(750-1258) Abbasid Caliphs di Baghdad (750-1258)
descendants
of Prophet's uncle Abbas Discendenti del profeta zio Abbas
Sunnites
Sunniti
- Abu'l
Abbas Al-Saffah 750-754 Abu'l Abbas Al-Saffah
750-754
- Al-Mansur 754-775
Al-Mansur 754-775
- Al-Mahdi 775-785
Al-Mahdi 775-785
- Al-Hadi 785-786
Al-Hadi 785-786
- Harun
al-Rashid 786-809 Harun al-Rashid 786-809
- Al-Amin 809-813
Al-Amin 809-813
- Al-Ma'mun 813-833
Al-Ma'mun 813-833
- Al-Mu'tasim
833-842 Al-Mu'tasim 833-842
- Al-Wathiq 842-847
Al-Wathiq 842-847
- Al-Mutawakkil
847-861 Al-Mutawakkil 847-861
- Al-Muntasir
861-862 Al-Muntasir 861-862
- Al-Musta'in
862-866 Al-Musta'in 862-866
- Al-Mu'tazz
866-869 Al-Mu'tazz 866-869
- Al-Muhtadi
869-870 Al-Muhtadi 869-870
- Al-Mu'tamid
870-892 Al-Mu'tamid 870-892
- Al-Mu'tadid
892-902 Al-Mu'tadid 892-902
- Al-Muktafi
902-908 Al-Muktafi 902-908
- ??? ? (908, one
day) (908, un giorno)
- Al-Muqtadir
908-932 Al-Muqtadir 908-932
- Al-Qahir 932-934
Al-Qahir 932-934
- Al-Radi 934-940
Al-Radi 934-940
- Al-Muttaqi
940-944 Al-Muttaqi 940-944
- Al-Mustakfi
944-946 Al-Mustakfi 944-946
- (by about
950, very little power) (Di circa 950, molto poco potere)
- Al-Muti 946-974
Al-Muti 946-974
- Al-Ta'i 974-991
Al-Ta'i 974-991
- Al-Qadir 991-1031
El-Kader 991-1031
- Al-Qa'im
1031-1075 Al-Qa'im 1031-1075
- Al-Muqtadi
1075-1094 Al-Muqtadi 1075-1094
- Al-Mustazhir
1094-1118 Al-Mustazhir 1094-1118
- Al-Mustarshid
1118-1135 Al-Mustarshid 1118-1135
- Al-Rashid
1135-1136 Al-Rashid 1135-1136
- Al-Muqtafi
1136-1160 Al-Muqtafi 1136-1160
- Al-Mustanjid
1160-1170 Al-Mustanjid 1160-1170
- Al-Mustadi
1170-1180 Al-Mustadi 1170-1180
- An-Nasir
1180-1225 An-Nasir 1180-1225
- Az-Zahir
1225-1226 Az-Zahir 1225-1226
- Al-Mustansir
1226-1242 Al-Mustansir 1226-1242
- Al-Musta'sim
1242-1258 Al-Musta'sim 1242-1258
- (conquered by Mongols in
1258) (1258)
(Mamelukes)
(Mamelukes)
(first
Dynasty, Bahri) (1250-1382) (Prima dinastia, Bahri)
(1250-1382)
(second
Dynasty, Burji) (1382-1517) (Seconda dinastia, Burji)
(1382-1517)
[two
Caliphs, but just symbolic] [Caliphs due, ma solo simbolico]
(defeated
by Selim, 1517) (1517)
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