The commonly held teachings of Mariology can be derived from her function as Mother of God (Theotokos), a term first used around 320 and formally approved by the Council of Ephesus in 431.普遍持有的Mariology的教义可以从她作为神（东正），先用约320正式由以弗所理事会批准431术语的母亲。Mariologists argue that Mary, who enabled God the Savior to be born, has a position more exalted than any other creature.Mariologists认为玛丽，谁使神的救主诞生，有一个立场比任何其他动物崇高。She is the Queen of Heaven.她是女王的天堂。Moreover, since her motherhood was indispensable to God's redemptive activity, Mary is essential to the final, spiritual perfection of every creature.此外，由于她的母亲是必不可少的，以上帝的救赎活动，玛丽是必不可少的决赛中，各种生物的精神完美。Accordingly, although she was not involved in their original physical creation, Mary is, in this ultimate sense, the Mother of God's Creatures.因此，虽然她不是在原来的物理参与创建，玛丽是，在这个终极意义上说，上帝的造物的母亲。This includes being Mother of Humans, a title found in Ambrose but popularized around 1100, and Mother of Angels, a term first found in the thirteenth century.这包括人类之母，发现在1100左右，刘汉铨，但普及标题，和母亲的天使，在十三世纪的第一个发现的一个术语。
Mary's involvement in salvation makes her co - redemptrix along with Christ.玛利亚在救恩的参与使她合作 - 与基督redemptrix。Irenaeus contrasted Eve's disobedience, which brought humanity's downfall, with Mary's obedience, which "became the cause of salvation both for herself and the human race."爱任纽对比前夕的抗命，这带来了玛丽的服从，而人性的堕落“，成为既为自己和人类救恩的原因。”Beginning in the twelfth century references appear to her redemptive work not only in Christ's birth but also at the cross.在十二世纪开始出现的引用她不仅在基督的诞生，而且在十字架上的救赎工作。Most Mariologists insist on both.大多数Mariologists坚持两者。While Jesus offered his sinless person to appease God's wrath, Mary, whose will was perfectly harmonious with his, offered her prayers.虽然耶稣无罪的人提供了他的安抚上帝的愤怒，玛丽，他们的意志是完全符合他的和谐，提供她祈祷。 Both atoned for our sins, although Christ's satisfaction was primary and wholly sufficient.为我们的罪都赎，虽然基督的满意是小学和完全足够了。Mary's mediatory role includes her present intercession for sinners.玛丽的调解作用，包括她的罪人目前说情。This was seldom mentioned before the twelfth century, when popular piety regarded Mary as more lenient than her Son, the Judge.这是以前很少提到的12世纪，当流行的孝道视为比她的儿子，法官宽大玛丽。
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Mary's immaculate conception implies that she possessed a "fullness of grace" from the first instant.玛丽的圣母无原罪意味着她拥有从第一瞬间“丰满的恩典”。Further, she was immune to the slightest sin throughout her life.此外，她不受丝毫的整个一生罪孽。Mariologists also stress Mary's perpetual virginity.Mariologists还强调玛丽的永久童贞。This includes, first, her virginity in partu: that Jesus was born without opening any part of her body; second, that she remained a virgin throughout her life.这包括，第一，她的贞操在partu：耶稣是不打开她的身体的任何部分出生，第二，她在她的生活仍然是一个处女。Though Mary's perpetual virginity, and especially her sinlessness, were challenged by some early fathers, they were generally accepted by Augustine's time.虽然玛丽的永久童贞，尤其是她的清白，是由一些早期的父亲质疑，他们普遍接受奥古斯丁的时间。Proponents of perpetual virginity often assumed that anything else would contradict her purity.永久童贞的支持者往往认为什么都将违背她的纯洁。Finally, Mariologists teach that after her death Mary was assumed bodily into heaven.最后，Mariologists教导说，在她死后玛丽是假设身体进入天堂。No clear reference to the assumption of Mary appears before the sixth century.没有明确提及玛丽假设出现前六世纪。It was not generally accepted until the thirteenth and was promulgated by Pius XII in 1950.它不是普遍接受，直到第十三次和由比约十二世于1950年颁布的。
Protestants have criticized Mariology because many assertions apparently lack biblical foundation.新教徒批评Mariology因为很多说法显然缺乏圣经的基础。Scripture does not mention her immaculate conception or assumption.圣经中没有提到她的纯洁无瑕的概念或假设。Her perpetual virginity is challenged by references to Jesus' sisters and brothers (Mark 3:31; 6:3; John 2:12; 7:1 - 10; Acts 1:14; Gal. 1:19; Mariologists claim they were cousins).她的贞操是永远挑战耶稣的兄弟姐妹（马可福音3:31引用; 6:3;约翰2:12; 7:1 - 10;徒1:14;加拉太书1:19; Mariologists声称他们是堂兄弟）。Moreover, the Gospels do not present Mary unambiguously as sinless and in continuous accord with Christ's will.此外，福音不存在明确的无罪和玛丽在与基督的意志连续一致。Protestants have also argued that Mariology exaggerates the contribution that any human can make to divine redemption.新教徒也认为，Mariology夸大了贡献，任何人可以向神圣的赎回。Luther and Calvin saw Mary as a human who in herself was nothing; she was enabled to bear Christ wholly through God's grace.路德和加尔文认为这是一个人谁没有在自己的玛丽，她是通过启用承受神的恩典基督全。Conservative Protestants argue that most Mariological excesses, her roles as Mother of God's Creatures, co - redemptrix, intercessor; her immaculate conception; and her "fullness of grace", spring from overestimating the human role in redemption, which was perhaps already implied by Irenaeus.保守的新教徒认为最Mariological过激行为，因为母神的造物，共同她的角色 - redemptrix，说情，她的完美的概念;和她的“恩宠的丰满”，从高估的赎回人的作用的春天，这也许已经爱任纽暗示。This ancient theological issue may be the most fundamental one surrounding Mariology.这个古老的神学问题可能是最根本的周围Mariology。
TN Finger
TN手指
(Elwell
Evangelical Dictionary)（Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
S Benko,
Protestants, Catholics and Mary; L Bouyer, The Seat of Wisdom; EA Carroll, "A
Survey of Recent Mariology," MarS 18, and "Theology on the Virgin Mary: 1966 -
1975," TS 37; JB Carol, Fundamentals of Mariology and Mariology; H Graef, Mary:
A History of Doctrine and Devotion; R Laurentin, The Question of Mary; G Miegge,
The Virgin Mary; TA O'Meara, Mary in Protestant and Catholic Theology; O
Semmelroth, Mary, the Archetype of the Church; E Schillebeeckx, Mary, Mother of
the Redemption.S本克，新教徒，天主教徒和玛丽，L Bouyer，智慧的座椅;
EA卡罗尔，“近期Mariology的调查，”火星18，“神学上的圣母玛利亚：1966年至1975年，”TS 37;
JB卡罗尔，对Mariology和Mariology基础，H Graef，玛丽：一个虔诚的教义和历史，R Laurentin，玛丽问，G
Miegge，圣母玛利亚; TA欧米拉，在新教和天主教神学玛丽，O Semmelroth，玛丽，教会的原型，E施雷贝克，玛丽，赎回的母亲。
This subject presentation in the original English language这在原来的主题演讲， 英语