The Umayyads were an Islamic dynasty established by the caliph Muawiyah I (Mu'awiya) in 661.在倭馬亞王朝被一個伊斯蘭王朝建立了由哈里發穆阿維耶我（穆阿維耶） 661 。 An earlier caliph, Uthman (r. 644-56), had been a member of the powerful Umayyad clan, but he was murdered and replaced by Ali.較早哈里發， uthman （傳譯644-56 ） ，已成員之一，強大的伍麥葉家族，但他是被人謀殺，取而代之的阿里。 When Muawiyah, previously governor of Syria, seized the caliphate, he made the succession hereditary and thus inaugurated dynastic rule.當穆阿維耶，以前總督的敘利亞，搶走哈里發，他提出繼承世襲，因此上台朝代統治。 From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyad caliphs ruled a vast empire, extending from Europe to India, until 750.從他們的首都大馬士革，伍麥葉caliphs統治一個龐大帝國，擴大從歐洲轉移到印度，直到750人。 Thereafter the line continued in Spain until 1031.此後線繼續在西班牙，直到1031年。
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A policy of continuous expansion, reaching its maximum extent under al-Walid I (r. 705-15), brought northwest Africa, Spain, western India, and portions of Central Asia into the Islamic empire and added greatly to Umayyad wealth.一項政策的不斷擴展，達到最大程度下瓦利德我（傳譯705-15 ） ，但也帶來非洲西北部，西班牙，印度西部和部分中亞地區成為伊斯蘭帝國和補充，大大伍麥葉財富。 This expansion was the result of an efficient Syrian army and a powerful navy.這種擴張是導致一個有效率的敘利亞軍隊和一支強大的海軍。 The Umayyad period was characterized by Arabization--the spread and intermarriage of Arabs with native peoples and the adoption of Arabic as the common language within the empire.在伍麥葉時期的特點是阿拉伯-傳播和通婚的阿拉伯人與本土人民，並通過阿拉伯語作為國家通用語言文字與帝國。 The dynasty collapsed because of internal tribal and geographical rivalries and a return to the principles of Islam as the foundation of the state.王朝崩潰，是因為內部的部落和地域之爭，並恢復以伊斯蘭原則為基礎的國家。 It was overthrown by the Abbasids, who massacred most members of the family.它被推翻，由abbasids ，誰屠殺了大部分家庭中的成員。 The Umayyad dynasty survived only in Spain, where Abd Al-Rahman I founded (756) the Umayyad emirate (later caliphate) of Cordoba.在伍麥葉王朝存活，只有在西班牙，那裡阿卜杜勒拉赫曼i成立（ 756 ）伍麥葉酋長國（後來哈里發）的科爾多瓦。
Michael W. Dols邁克爾小dols
Bibliography:
參考書目：
Shaban, MA, The Abbasid Revolution
(1970) and Islamic History AD 600-750 (1971). shaban ，馬，阿巴斯革命（
1970年）和伊斯蘭歷史上公元600-750 （ 1971 ） 。
Umayyad, also Omayyad, first great Arab Muslim dynasty of caliphs (religious and secular leaders) founded by Muawiyah I in 661 and lasting until 750.伍麥葉，也omayyad ，首先是偉大的阿拉伯穆斯林王朝caliphs （宗教和世俗領袖）創辦穆阿維耶I在661和持久的，直到750人。 Uthman ibn Affan, a member of the prominent Umayyad family of Mecca, had been elected to the caliphate in 644 to succeed Umar I, but his weakness and nepotism resulted in rebellion and he was murdered in 656. uthman伊本阿番的一員，突出伍麥葉家族的麥加，已經當選為哈里發，在644成功烏馬爾我，但他的弱點和裙帶關係，導致叛亂，他是被人謀殺在656 。 Uthman was succeeded by Ali, son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad and chief of the legitimist party, which believed that only a member of Muhammad's family could rightfully hold the caliphate. uthman繼任阿里女婿的先知穆罕默德和行政的legitimist黨，也認為只有一名成員穆罕默德的家人可以理所當然地舉行哈里發。 However, Muawiyah I, governor of Syria and first Umayyad caliph, revolted against Ali and, supported by Amr, the conqueror of Egypt, gained the advantage.不過，穆阿維耶我，省長敘利亞和第一伍麥葉哈里發，反抗，對阿里和支持的AMR ，征服者的埃及，贏得了優勢。 Hailed as caliph at Jerusalem in 660, Muawiyah I was in complete control soon after the assassination of Ali the following year.被譽為哈里發在耶路撒冷的660 ，穆阿維耶我是在完全控制後不久，暗殺或下一年。 Under Muawiyah I the capital was changed from Medina to Damascus.根據穆阿維耶我的資本，改為由Medina大馬士革。 Muawiyah I developed an administrative system modeled after the Byzantine Empire and before his death in 680 had secured the throne for his son, thus putting the state on a dynastic basis.穆阿維耶我開發一個行政系統為藍本後，拜占庭帝國和死者去世前，在680名有擔保寶座，為自己的兒子，從而把國家對朝代的基礎。 Conquest was begun again with an offensive on all fronts.征服開始再次進攻，對各方面的發展。 Under Muawiyah I and his Umayyad successors, Muslim control of the Mediterranean region was completed.穆阿維耶下，我和他的伍麥葉接班人，穆斯林控制了整個地中海地區的工作已經完成。 The Arabs, led by a fierce North African Berber army commanded by Tariq, crossed from North Africa and eventually conquered Spain; in the east they met no effective opposition until they had passed the borders of India.阿拉伯人率領激烈的北非柏柏爾軍隊指揮的塔里克，越過了從北非，並最終戰勝了西班牙，在東方，他們見了沒有一個有效的反對黨，直到他們已通過邊界的印度。 They were stopped in the west by the Franks under Charles Martel and by the Byzantine Empire, which repulsed an attack on Constantinople early in the 8th century.他們被截停在西方由弗蘭克斯根據查爾斯martel和拜占庭帝國，它擊退了攻擊君士坦丁堡早在8世紀。
Under the Umayyad dynasty, political and social ascendancy remained in the hands of a few Arab families from Mecca and Medina.根據伍麥葉王朝，政治和社會向上提升仍留在少數人手中的阿拉伯家庭，從麥加和麥地。 This caused the Muslim population, which had grown enormously as the empire expanded, to become increasingly discontented, especially since the Umayyads had found it necessary to increase their income from taxation.這引起了穆斯林人口，其中增加了很大的，因為帝國擴大，成為越來越多的不滿，尤其是自倭馬亞王朝已發現有必要，以增加他們的收入來自稅收。 Lands were now taxed without regard to religion, and Muslims were exempt only from personal taxes.土地被徵稅，現在沒有關於宗教和穆斯林都不能免除只從個人所得稅。 Opposition centered in Persia where there was continued opposition to Syrian domination and where the legitimists allied themselves with the Abbasids, who claimed descent from Abbas, the uncle of the prophet Muhammad.反對派的中心位置在波斯那裡繼續反對向敘利亞統治，而legitimists專職自己與abbasids一名自稱出身的，由阿巴斯，叔叔的先知穆罕默德。 The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads in 750, killed the caliph, Marwan II, and gained the caliphate for themselves.該abbasids推翻了倭馬亞王朝在750人，打死了哈里發，馬爾萬，第二，並獲得了哈里發的人。 Members of the Umayyad family were located and slain, except for Abd-ar-Rahman I, who escaped to Córdoba, Spain, in 756 to rule as an independent emir.委員對伍麥葉家人被尋獲遇害，除了abd -氬-拉赫曼，我的人出逃到科爾多瓦，西班牙，在756至統治作為一個獨立的埃米爾。 The Abbasids moved the capital of the empire eastward to a new city, Baghdâd, which they founded on the Tigris River.該abbasids提出資本帝國向東推進到一個新的城市， baghdâd ，他們成立於底格里斯河。
The Umayyad Dynasty ( ummawiyy ) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Makkah clan.在伍麥葉王朝（ ummawiyy ）是第一個王朝的caliphs的先知穆罕默德的人並不密切相關，穆罕默德本人，但他們的同一麥加家族。 The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750.第一王朝的統治，由661至750人。
Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd and 4th caliphs, Uthman ibn Affan and Ali Ben Abu Talib.穆阿維耶已總督敘利亞根據第三次和第四次caliphs ， uthman伊本阿番和Ali賁阿布利布。 He fought and killed Ali in Egypt in 661 and declared himself caliph of Islam.他打和殺害阿里在埃及661 ，並聲稱自己哈里發的伊斯蘭教。 He founded the dynasty and set the capitol to Damascus.他創立了清朝，建立國會山到大馬士革。
The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid Dynasty.在倭馬亞王朝被推翻後，在東方，由阿巴斯王朝。 An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there.一個伍麥葉王子， abd -氬-拉赫曼，我接手的穆斯林領土，在西班牙創立了一個新的伍麥葉王朝。
Umayyad
Caliphs (661-750) 伍麥葉caliphs （ 661-750 ）
Umayyad Emirs
of Cordoba (Spanish Umayyad Caliphs 929-1031) 伍麥葉埃米爾的科爾多瓦
（西班牙語伍麥葉caliphs 929-1031 ）
Umayyad
Caliphs of Cordoba 伍麥葉caliphs的科爾多瓦
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