In the Bible, apostle is a title conferred on one sent with a message.在聖經中，使徒是一個標題賦予一個發送郵件。 The term is applied primarily to the original Twelve called by Jesus to accompany him during his ministry (Matt. 10:2-4; Mark 3:16-19; Luke 6:13-16).任期主要適用於原來的12個所謂的耶穌陪他在省（瑪特泰10:2-4 ;馬克3:16-19 ;盧克6:13-16 ） 。 In the Gospels, other followers are called disciples.在福音，其他的追隨者被稱為弟子。 The title was gradually extended to others such as Paul and Barnabas (Acts 14:14; Rom. 9:1, 11:13); when this occurred, the Twelve were distinguished from all the apostles, as in 1 Corinthians 15:5-7.標題逐步擴大到其他如保羅和巴拿巴（使徒14:14 ;光盤。 9:1 ， 11:13 ） ;時發生，其中12人是有別於所有的使徒，在哥林多前書15點05分- 7 。
Most of the Twelve were from the laboring class, with the exception of Matthew, a tax collector.大多數的12名來自勞動階級，除馬修，一個稅務員。 None was from the religious sector of Jewish society.沒有人從宗教部門的猶太社會。 Peter, James (the Greater), and John formed an inner circle closest to Jesus; Judas Iscariot betrayed him, and Matthias was selected to replace Judas (Acts 1:16). The others were Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, James (the Lesser), Simon, and Thaddeus (Jude).彼得，詹姆斯（大） ，和約翰形成了一個內圈最接近耶穌，猶大出賣了他，並馬蒂亞斯被選中，以取代猶大（使徒1時16分） 。其他人安德魯，菲利普，巴塞洛繆，托馬斯，詹姆斯（小） ，西蒙，以及撒迪厄斯（洛） 。
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Bibliography
目錄
Brownrigg, R.,
The Twelve Apostles (1974); Guthrie, D., The Apostles (1974); Huxhold, HN,
Twelve Who Followed (1987); Ruffin, CB, The Twelve (1984).布朗，河，十二門徒（
1974年） ;格思裡， D. ，使徒（ 1974年） ; Huxhold酶， 12名追隨（ 1987年） ;魯芬， CB認證，十二（ 1984年）
。
The biblical use of "apostle" is almost entirely confined to the NT, where it occurs seventy-nine times: ten in the Gospels, twenty-eight in Acts, thirty-eight in the epistles, and three in the Apocalypse.聖經中使用的“門徒”幾乎完全限於新台幣，在那裡發生的79次： 10的福音， 2008年的法案， 38中的書信，並在3個啟示。 Our English word is a transliteration of the Greek apostolos, which is derived from apostellein, to send.我們的英文單詞是音譯希臘東正教，這是來自apostellein ，發送。 Whereas several words for send are used in the NT, expressing such ideas as dispatch, release, or dismiss, apostellein emphasizes the elements of commission, authority of and responsibility to the sender.雖然有幾種字派所用新台幣，並表示這種想法的派遣，釋放，或駁回， apostellein強調的內容委員會，權力和責任給發件人。 So an apostle is properly one sent on a definite mission, in which he acts with full authority on behalf of the sender and is accountable to him.因此，一個適當的倡導者之一是發出一個明確的任務，他的行為具有充分權力的名義發送，並負責給他。
The noun occurs only once in the LXX.名詞只有一次發生在LXX 。 When the wife of Jeroboam came to Ahijah seeking information about the health of her son, the prophet answered, "I am sent unto thee with heavy tidings" (I Kings 14:6).當耶羅波安的妻子來到Ahijah尋求有關健康的兒子，先知回答說， “我告訴你發出的沉重的消息” （我國王14點06分） 。 Here apostolos renders the Hebrew saluah, which became a somewhat technical term in Judaism.在這裡卡克拉使希伯來saluah ，這成為一些技術術語的猶太教。 A saluah could be one who led the synagogue congregation in worship and thus represented it, or a representative of the Sanhedrin sent on official business.阿saluah可能是誰領導聚集在猶太教堂崇拜，從而代表，或代表公會發出公務。 The priesthood was included under this term also, and a few outstanding personalities of OT story who acted strikingly on God's behalf.鐸被列入這個詞也和一些傑出人物的故事誰加時賽採取行動突出對上帝的名義。 But in no case did the saluah operate beyond the confines of the Jewish community.但是，在任何情況下，沒有saluah經營超出了猶太社區。 So there is no anticipation in the Saluah of the missionary emphasis associated with the NT apostolos.所以沒有預期中的Saluah傳教的重點與新台幣阿波斯托洛斯。
The number twelve recalls the twelve tribes of Israel, but the basis of leadership is no longer tribal, but personal and spiritual. Evidently the college of apostles was regarded as fixed in number, for Jesus spoke of twelve thrones in the coming age (Matt. 19:28; cf. Rev. 21:14).人數12回顧十二個部族，以色列，但根據領導不再是部落，但個人和精神。很顯然，對大學生的使徒被視為固定的數量，對耶穌說一二王位在今後的年齡（瑪特泰19:28 ;比照。牧師21時14分） 。 Judas was replaced by Matthias (Acts 1), but after that no effort was made to select men to succeed those who were taken by death (Acts 12:2).猶大改為馬蒂亞斯（使徒1 ） ，但之後沒有作出努力選擇男性，以接替誰採取了死刑（使徒12:2 ） 。
Apostles receive first mention in the lists of spiritual gifts (I Cor. 12:28; Eph. 4:11).使徒第一次提到收到名單中的精神禮物（我肺心病。 12:28 ;厄。 4時11分） 。 Since these gifts are bestowed by the risen Christ through the Spirit, it is probable that at the beginning of the apostolic age these men who had been appointed by Jesus and trained by him were now regarded as possessing a second investiture to mark the new and permanent phase of their work for which the earlier phase had been a preparation.由於這些禮物是賦予了復活的基督的精神，很可能開始的時候，使徒時代這些人誰已被任命為耶穌和訓練，現在他被視為擁有第二investiture以慶祝新的常任理事國階段的工作，其中較早階段已準備。 They became the foundation of the church in a sense secondary only to that of Christ himself (Eph. 2:20).他們成為基礎的教堂在一定意義上中學不僅是基督自己（以弗所書二時20分） 。
The duties of the apostles were preaching, teaching, and administration.委員會的職責是傳道使徒，教學和管理。 Their preaching rested on their association with Christ and the instruction received from him, and it included their witness to his resurrection (Acts 1:22).他們宣揚他們的休息與基督和教學收到了他，其中包括他們的見證他的復活（使徒1時22分） 。 Their converts passed immediately under their instruction (Acts 2:42), which presumably consisted largely of their recollection of the teaching of Jesus, augmented by revelations of the Spirit (Eph. 3:5).他們立即通過轉換根據其指示（使徒2時42分） ，這大概主要是他們的回憶教學中的耶穌，增加了揭露精神（以弗所書3點05 ） 。 In the area of administration their functions were varied.在行政領域的職能是不同的。 Broadly speaking, they were responsible for the life and welfare of the Christian community.從廣義上講，他們負責的生活和福利的基督教社區。 Undoubtedly they took the lead in worship as the death of Christ was memorialized in the Lord's Supper. They administered the common fund to which believers contributed for the help of needy brethren (Acts 4:37), until this task became burdensome and was shifted to men specially chosen for this responsibility (Acts 6:1-6).毫無疑問，他們率先崇拜的死亡是紀念耶穌在上帝的晚餐。他們管理的共同基金的信徒貢獻的幫助需要幫助的兄弟（使徒4時37分） ，直至完成這項任務過於繁瑣，後來轉移到男子專門選擇這個責任（行為6:1-6 ） 。 Discipline was in their hands (Acts 5:1-11).紀律是在自己手中（使徒5:1-11 ） 。 As the church grew and spread abroad, the apostles devoted more and more attention to the oversight of these scattered groups of believers (Acts 8:14; 9:32).由於教堂增長和傳播國外，使徒專門越來越多的注意，監督這些分散的團體的信徒（使徒8:14 ; 9時32分） 。 At times the gift of the Holy Spirit was mediated through them (Acts 8:15-17).在時代的禮物聖靈是通過這些中介（使徒8:15-17 ） 。 The supernatural powers which they had exercised when the Lord was among them, such as the exorcism of demons and the healing of the sick, continued to be tokens of their divine authority (Acts 5:12; II Cor. 12:12).超自然的權力，他們行使了當上帝是它們之間，如驅魔的惡魔和癒合的病人，繼續他們的令牌神聖的權力（使徒5時12分;二肺心病。 12:12 ） 。 They took the lead in the determination of vexing problems which faced the church, associating the elders with themselves as an expression of democratic procedure (Acts 15:6; cf. 6:3).他們率先在確定傷腦筋的問題，面臨的教堂，聯想的長者本身作為一個表達的民主程序（使徒15時06分;比照。 6時03分） 。
It is reasonably clear that in addition to the Twelve, Paul and James had the leading recognition as apostles.這是相當清楚，除了12名，保羅和詹姆斯的領導承認使徒。 Others also might be so indicated under special circumstances.其他人也可能是這樣表示在特殊情況下。 But warrant is lacking for making "apostle" the equivalent of "missionary."但是，令缺乏使“使徒” ，相當於“傳教” 。 In the practice of the modern church, prominent pioneer missionaries are often called apostles, but this is only an accommodation of language.在實踐中的現代教堂，著名的先驅傳教士通常被稱為使徒，但這只是一個住宿的語言。 In the apostolic age one who held this rank was more than a preacher (II Tim. 1:11).在使徒時代舉行的一個誰是這個級別以上牧師（二蒂姆。 1點11分） 。 All disciples were supposed to be preachers, but not all were apostles (I Cor. 12:29).所有的弟子被認為是說教，但並非所有的使徒（我肺心病。 12:29 ） 。 Curiously, at one point in the church's life all were busy preaching except the apostles (Acts 8:4).奇怪的是，在一個點在教堂裡的生活都是繁忙的說教，但使徒（使徒8點04 ） 。 Paul would not have needed to defend his apostleship with such vehemence if he were only defending his right to proclaim the gospel.保羅不會有需要捍衛自己的apostleship這種憤怒，如果他只捍衛他的權利，宣布福音。 Alongside the distinctive and more technical use of the word is the occasional employment of it in the sense of messenger (Phil. 2:25; II Cor. 8:23).除了獨特的和更多的技術使用這個詞，偶爾就業它的意義信使（ Phil. 2時25分;二肺心病。 8時23分） 。
EF
Harrison英法哈里森
Elwell Evangelical
Dictionary規矩福音詞典
See
also:另見：
Apostolic Succession使徒繼承
Authority in
Church管理局在教會
Bibliography
目錄
A. Fridrichsen,
The Apostle and His Message; FJA Hort, The Christian Ecclesia; K. Lake in The
Beginnings of Christianity, V, 37-59; JB Lightfoot, St. Paul's Epistle to the
Galatians; TW Manson, The Church's Ministry; CK Barrett, The Signs of an
Apostle; W. Schmithals, The Office of Apostle in the Early Church; KE Kirk, ed.,
The Apostolic Ministry; E. Schweizer, Church Order in the NT; J. Roloff,
Apostalat, Verkundigung, Kirche; G. Klein, Die Zwolf Apostel, Ursprung und
Gehalt einer Idee; KH Rengstorf," TDNT, I, 398ff.; JA Kirk, "Apostleship Since
Rengstorf," NTS 21:2149ff.; D. Muller and C. Brown, NIDNTT,I, 126ff.字母a.
Fridrichsen ，使徒和他的訊息; FJA園藝，基督教教會;光湖的起源基督教，五， 37-59
;巴頓娜萊，聖保祿書信向加拉太;荃灣曼森，教會部;對照巴雷特跡象的使徒;總統Schmithals ，辦公室使徒在早期教會;柯柯克，編輯。
，使徒部;體育施魏策爾，教會秩序新台幣;學者Roloff ， Apostalat ， Verkundigung ，教堂;灣克萊因，模具Zwolf Apostel
，起源與Gehalt領袖理念;鎖眼Rengstorf “ ， TDNT ，我398ff 。 ;茉莉柯克， ” Apostleship自Rengstorf ，
“國稅21:2149頁。 ; D.穆勒和布朗， NIDNTT ，我126ff 。
A person sent by another; a messenger; envoy.一個人發出的另一種選擇;使者;特使。 This word is once used as a descriptive designation of Jesus Christ, the Sent of the Father (Heb. 3:1; John 20:21).這個詞是曾經作為一個描述指定的耶穌基督，發送父（希伯來書3:1 ;約翰20:21 ） 。 It is, however, generally used as designating the body of disciples to whom he intrusted the organization of his church and the dissemination of his gospel, "the twelve," as they are called (Matt. 10:1-5; Mark 3:14; 6:7; Luke 6:13; 9:1).然而，通常是用來指定機構的弟子，以他的組織intrusted他的教堂和傳播他的福音， “十二” ，因為它們是所謂的（瑪特泰10:1-5 ;馬克3 ：第14條; 6時07 ;盧克6時13分; 9:1 ） 。 We have four lists of the apostles, one by each of the synoptic evangelists (Matt. 10: 2-4; Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14), and one in the Acts (1:13).我們有四個名單使徒，一個由各天氣的福音派（瑪特泰10 ： 2-4 ; 3點16馬克;盧克6點14 ） ， 1個在行為（ 1:13 ） 。
No two of these lists, however, perfectly coincide.沒有兩個名單，但是，完全一致的。 Our Lord gave them the "keys of the kingdom," and by the gift of his Spirit fitted them to be the founders and governors of his church (John 14:16, 17, 26; 15:26, 27; 16:7-15).我們的主給他們的“鑰匙的王國”和禮物，他精神裝有他們的創始人和省長，他教會（約翰14:16 ， 17 ， 26 ; 15:26 ， 27 ; 16點07分- 15 ） 。 To them, as representing his church, he gave the commission to "preach the gospel to every creature" (Matt. 28: 18-20).對他們來說，是代表他的教會，他的委員會，以“宣揚福音每個動物” （瑪特泰28 ： 18日至20日） 。 After his ascension he communicated to them, according to his promise, supernatural gifts to qualify them for the discharge of their duties (Acts 2:4; 1 Cor. 2:16; 2:7, 10, 13; 2 Cor. 5:20; 1 Cor. 11:2).他登基後，他傳達給他們，根據他的諾言，超自然的禮物，以他們的資格履行其職責（使徒2:4 ; 1肺心病。二時16分;二點○七， 10日， 13日， 2肺心病。 5 ： 20日， 1肺心病。 11時02分） 。
Judas Iscariot, one of "the twelve," fell by transgression, and Matthias was substituted in his place (Acts 1:21).加略人猶大，一對“ 12 ” ，減少了海侵和薩默爾是取代他的位置（使徒一時21分） 。 Saul of Tarsus was afterwards added to their number (Acts 9:3-20; 20: 4; 26:15-18; 1 Tim. 1:12; 2:7; 2 Tim. 1:11).索爾的塔爾蘇斯後來被添加到他們的號碼（行為9:3-20 ; 20 ： 4 ; 26:15-18 ; 1蒂姆。 1:12 ; 2時07分， 2添。 1點11 ） 。 Luke has given some account of Peter, John, and the two Jameses (Acts 12:2, 17; 15:13; 21:18), but beyond this we know nothing from authentic history of the rest of the original twelve.盧克已經提供了一些帳戶的彼得，約翰，和兩個Jameses （使徒12:2 ， 17 ; 15:13 ; 21:18 ） ，但超出這一點，我們什麼都不知道從真實的歷史，其餘的原始12 。 After the martyrdom of James the Greater (Acts 12:2), James the Less usually resided at Jerusalem, while Paul, "the apostle of the uncircumcision," usually travelled as a missionary among the Gentiles (Gal. 2:8).犧牲後的詹姆斯大（使徒12:2 ） ，詹姆斯在不到通常居住在耶路撒冷，而保羅， “使徒的uncircumcision ” ，通常前往傳教的外邦人（ Gal. 2點08分） 。
It was characteristic of the apostles and necessary (1) that they should have seen the Lord, and been able to testify of him and of his resurrection from personal knowledge (John 15:27; Acts 1:21, 22; 1 Cor. 9:1; Acts 22:14, 15).這是特有的和必要的使徒（ 1 ） ，他們應該看到了上帝，並已能夠證明他和他的復活從個人知識（約翰15:27 ;行為1時21分， 22 ; 1肺心病。 9 ： 1 ;行為22:14 ， 15 ） 。 (2.) They must have been immediately called to that office by Christ (Luke 6:13; Gal. 1:1). （ 2 。 ）他們必須已立即要求該辦公室由基督（路6時13分;半乳糖。 1:1 ） 。 (3.) It was essential that they should be infallibly inspired, and thus secured against all error and mistake in their public teaching, whether by word or by writing (John 14:26; 16:13; 1 Thess. 2:13). （ 3 ） 。至關重要的是，他們應該infallibly啟發，從而保證對所有的錯誤和失誤，其公共教學，無論是詞或以書面形式（約14:26 ; 16:13 ;一日洛尼基。二時13分） 。 (4.) Another qualification was the power of working miracles (Mark 16:20; Acts 2:43; 1 Cor. 12:8-11). （ 4 ） 。另一個資格的權力的工作奇蹟（馬克16:20 ;行為2點43分， 1肺心病。 12:8-11 ） 。 The apostles therefore could have had no successors.使徒因此，有沒有接班人。 They are the only authoritative teachers of the Christian doctrines.他們是唯一的權威教師的基督教學說。 The office of an apostle ceased with its first holders.該辦公室的使徒停止其第一人。 In 2 Cor. 2肺心病。 8:23 and Phil. 8時23分和菲爾。 2:25 the word "messenger" is the rendering of the same Greek word, elsewhere rendered "apostle." 2時25字“信使”是渲染同希臘字，其他地方提供的“使徒” 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
All that is known of Peter's life before he was called by Jesus is that he was a Galilean fisherman with a brother named Andrew.所有這一切都知道彼得的生活面前，他所謂的耶穌是，他是伽利略與漁民兄弟命名為安德魯。 Peter is mentioned numerous times in the Gospels and first 15 chapters of Acts.彼得是多次提到的福音和前15章的行為。 He is pictured as a leader and spokesman of the disciples; he identifies Jesus as Messiah (Mark 8:27; Matt. 16:16) and is selected as the rock on which the church will be built (Matt. 16:18).他是照片作為領導者和發言人的弟子，他指出耶穌是彌賽亞（馬克8點27分;馬特。 16:16 ） ，並選定為岩石上的教堂將建立（瑪特泰16:18 ） 。 He is several times mentioned with the brothers James and John, with whom he witnesses the Transfiguration and Jesus' agony in Gethsemane.他多次提到的兄弟詹姆斯和約翰，與他的證人的變形和耶穌在客西馬尼的痛苦。 After Jesus' arrest Peter denies knowing him three times and later repents his denial (Matt. 26:69-75; John 18:10-27).在耶穌被逮捕彼得否認知道他的3倍，後來他拒絕懺悔（瑪特泰26:69-75 ;約翰18:10-27 ） 。
In Acts, Peter is a leader in the Jerusalem church and engages in missionary activity in Samaria, Galilee, Lydda, Sharon, and Joppa.在行為，彼得是一個領導人在耶路撒冷教會和從事傳教活動在撒馬利亞，加利利， Lydda ，沙龍，並約帕。 He favors admission of Gentiles into the church but occupies a middle position between James (the "brother" of Jesus), who wants to keep Christianity very Jewish in practice, and Paul, who wishes to minimize requirements for Gentile converts.他主張接納外邦人進入教堂，但佔有之間的中間立場詹姆斯（以下簡稱“兄弟”的耶穌） ，誰願保持非常猶太基督教在實踐中，和保羅，誰願最大限度地減少所需的詹蒂萊轉換。
The New Testament says nothing about Peter's life after his presence at the meeting in Jerusalem with James and Paul (Acts 15).新約隻字未提彼得的生活後，出席會議在耶路撒冷與詹姆斯和保羅（使徒15 ） 。 Later sources say that Peter went to Rome, was martyred (64-68) under Nero, and buried on Vatican Hill. Evidence concerning his presence, activity, and death in Rome is slight.後來的消息說，彼得前往羅馬，為烈士（ 64-68 ）根據尼祿，並埋在梵蒂岡山。證據有關他的存在，活動，並在羅馬逝世是輕微。
New Testament documents assign Peter a variety of roles.新約文件分配彼得的各種角色。 He is seen as a missionary fisherman, pastoral shepherd, martyr, recipient of special revelation, confessor of the true faith, magisterial protector, healer, and repentant sinner.他被看作是一個傳教士的漁民，畜牧牧羊人，烈士，接受特殊的啟示，懺悔的真正誠意，權威的保護者，醫治，並悔過的罪人。 These roles and images help explain the wealth of later stories and legends surrounding Peter and his high status in Christian literature, including his role in Roman Catholic belief as founder of the papacy.這些角色和形象有助於解釋的財富之後的故事和傳說圍繞彼得和他的崇高地位的基督教文獻，包括他在羅馬天主教信仰的創始人教皇。 The two Epistles of Peter are ascribed to Peter, although the attribution is questioned.這兩個書信彼得是歸因於彼得，雖然歸屬提出質疑。 Many postbiblical books were also produced in his name, notably the Acts of Peter.許多postbiblical書籍也產生了在自己的名字，尤其是行為的彼得。 Feast day: June 29 (with Saint Paul).盛宴一天： 6月29日（與聖保羅） 。
Anthony J. Saldarini安東尼Saldarini
Bibliography:
參考書目：
Brown, R., et al., eds., Peter in the
New Testament (1973); Cullmann, Oscar, Peter, Disciple, Apostle, Martyr,
trans.布朗，河，等。合編。 ，彼得在新約（ 1973年） ; Cullmann ，奧斯卡，彼得，門徒，門徒，烈士，轉。
by FV Filson, 2d ed.由亞阿馬菲爾森，
2版。 (1962); Murphy,
WF, Upon This Rock (1987); O'Connor, DW, Peter in Rome (1969); Taylor, WM,
Peter, The Apostle (1990); Thomas, WH, The Apostle Peter: His Life and Writings
(1984); Winter, Michael M., Saint Peter and the Popes (1960; repr. 1979).
（ 1962年） ;墨菲，白表，經本岩（ 1987年） ;奧康納，數據倉庫，彼得在羅馬（ 1969年） ;泰勒，西醫，彼得，使徒（ 1990年）
;托馬斯，武漢，使徒彼得：他的生命和著述（ 1984年） ;冬季，邁克爾先生，聖彼得和教皇（ 1960年; repr 。 1979年） 。
Boaner'ges, sons of thunder, a surname given by our Lord to James and John (Mark 3:17) on account of their fervid and impetuous temper (Luke 9:54). Boaner'ges ，兒子的雷聲，一個姓所給予我們的主詹姆斯和約翰（馬克3時17分）在考慮到它們的熾熱和浮躁的脾氣（路九點54分） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
Many people believe that John was the beloved disciple referred to in the fourth gospel.許多人認為，約翰是心愛的弟子中提到的第四個福音。 If so, he was beside Jesus at the Last Supper (John 13:23), was asked to care for Jesus' mother Mary (John 19:26), and was the first to comprehend Jesus' Resurrection (John 20:2-9).如果是這樣，他旁邊的耶穌在最後的晚餐（約13時23分） ，被要求照顧耶穌的母親瑪利亞（約翰19:26 ） ，並且是第一個理解耶穌的復活（約翰20:2-9 ） 。 John had a prominent role in the early church (Acts 1:13, 8:14). Traditionally, five New Testament books are ascribed to him: the fourth gospel, three Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.約翰了突出的作用在早期教會（使徒1:13 ， 8:14 ） 。傳統上，五年新約聖經的書籍歸咎於他說：第四福音，三個書信和啟示錄。 Feast day: Dec. 27 (Western); Sept. 26 (Eastern).盛宴一天： 12月27日（西） ; 9月26日（東部時間） 。
Douglas Ezell道格拉斯Ezell
Boaner'ges, sons of thunder, a surname given by our Lord to James and John (Mark 3:17) on account of their fervid and impetuous temper (Luke 9:54). Boaner'ges ，兒子的雷聲，一個姓所給予我們的主詹姆斯和約翰（馬克3時17分）在考慮到它們的熾熱和浮躁的脾氣（路九點54分） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
Bibliography: Gartner, Bertil, Iscariot (1971); Schaumberg, EL, Judas (1981).參考書目： Gartner稱，俄，加略（ 1971年） ; Schaumberg ，電致發光，猶大（ 1981年） 。
Saint Andrew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ and the brother of Simon (later the apostle Peter).聖安德魯是一個12使徒耶穌基督的弟弟西蒙（後來的使徒彼得） 。 A Galilean fisherman of Bethsaida, he was originally a disciple of John the Baptist.阿伽利略漁民的伯賽大，他原本是門徒施洗約翰的。 In the Gospel of John (1:35-42), Andrew was the first called of Jesus' disciples.在約翰福音（ 1:35-42 ） ，安德魯是第一個所謂的耶穌的門徒。 According to tradition, Andrew was crucified at Patras, in Achaea, on an X-shaped cross, the form of which became known as Saint Andrew's Cross (see Cross). Eusebius of Caesarea records that Andrew preached Christianity among the Scythians, thus becoming the patron saint of Russia.按照傳統，安德魯被釘在十字架上帕特雷，在Achaea上的X形交叉的形式而被稱為聖安德魯十字（見十字） 。撒利亞的優西比烏記錄安德魯宣揚基督教之間的Scythians ，從而成為守護神俄羅斯。 He is also the patron saint of Greece.他也是守護神希臘。 In the 8th century relics of Andrew were taken to the future site of Saint Andrews in Scotland, so that he is the patron saint of that country as well; a white Saint Andrew's cross on a blue field is the national flag of Scotland.在八世紀的安德魯文物被運到未來的網站聖安德魯斯在蘇格蘭，所以他是守護神該國以及一個白色的聖安德魯的交叉上一個藍色的領域是國家國旗的蘇格蘭。 Andrew's feast day is November 30.安德魯的盛宴一天是11月30日。
Andrew, manliness, a Greek name; one of the apostles of our Lord.安德魯，男子氣概，希臘的名稱;之一使徒我們的上帝。 He was of Bethsaida in Galilee (John 1:44), and was the brother of Simon Peter (Matt. 4: 18; 10:2).他伯賽大加利利（約翰1時44分） ，是兄弟西門彼得（瑪特泰4 ： 18 ; 10時02 ） 。 On one occasion John the Baptist, whose disciple he then was, pointing to Jesus, said, "Behold the Lamb of God" (John 1:40); and Andrew, hearing him, immediately became a follower of Jesus, the first of his disciples.有一次施洗約翰的門徒，他當時指著耶穌，說： “看哪，天主的羔羊” （約翰1:40 ） ;和安德魯，聽他，立刻成為跟隨耶穌，首先他弟子。 After he had been led to recognize Jesus as the Messiah, his first care was to bring also his brother Simon to Jesus.之後他一直領導認識到耶穌是彌賽亞，他的第一個護理也使他的弟弟西蒙耶穌。 The two brothers seem to have after this pursued for a while their usual calling as fishermen, and did not become the stated attendants of the Lord till after John's imprisonment (Matt. 4:18, 19; Mark 1:16, 17).兩兄弟似乎都在這個追求的，而他們通常要求漁民，並沒有成為服務員說的上帝後，到約翰的監禁（瑪特泰4點18分， 19 ; 1時16馬克， 17歲） 。 Very little is related of Andrew.很少涉及的安德魯。 He was one of the confidential disciples (John 6:8; 12:22), and with Peter, James, and John inquired of our Lord privately regarding his future coming (Mark 13:3).他是保密的門徒（約翰6時08分; 12:22 ） ，並與彼得，詹姆斯和約翰詢問我們的主私下對他未來的未來（馬克十三時03分） 。 He was present at the feeding of the five thousand (John 6:9), and he introduced the Greeks who desired to see Jesus (John 12:22); but of his subsequent history little is known.他出席了餵養的5000 （約6時09 ） ，他介紹了希臘人誰想要見耶穌（約12:22 ） ;但他後來的歷史知之甚少。 It is noteworthy that Andrew thrice brings others to Christ, (1) Peter; (2) the lad with the loaves; and (3) certain Greeks.值得注意的是，三次安德魯帶來其他基督， （ 1 ）彼得; （ 2 ）孩子的麵包;和第（ 3 ）某些希臘人。 These incidents may be regarded as a key to his character.這些事件可以被視為一個關鍵他的性格。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
He may have been the same person as Nathanael.他可能已被同一人拿。
Bartholomew was a son of Tolmai, and one of the twelve apostles (Matt. 10:3; Acts 1:13); generally supposed to have been the same as Nathanael.巴塞洛繆是一個兒子Tolmai ，其中的12使徒（瑪特泰10點03 ;行為1:13 ） ;一般假定已經一樣拿。 In the synoptic gospels Philip and Bartholomew are always mentioned together, while Nathanael is never mentioned; in the fourth gospel, on the other hand, Philip and Nathanael are similarly mentioned together, but nothing is said of Bartholomew.在天氣福音菲利普和巴塞洛繆總是提到在一起，而拿是從未提及;在第四福音，另一方面，菲利普和拿同樣提到在一起，但沒有說巴塞洛繆。 He was one of the disciples to whom our Lord appeared at the Sea of Tiberias after his resurrection (John 21:2).他是門徒的人我們的上帝出現在日本海的太巴列後，他的復活（約21點02分） 。 He was also a witness of the Ascension (Acts 1:4, 12, 13).他還證人的阿森松島（使徒1:4 ， 12日， 13日） 。 He was an "Israelite indeed" (John 1:47).他是一個“以色列人確實” （約翰1時47分） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
An advanced and comprehensive article is at: Nathanael一種先進的和全面的文件是： 拿
Eusebius of Caesarea records that Thomas became a missionary to Parthia.優西比烏的愷撒記錄，托馬斯成為一個傳教士安息。 The Acts of Thomas (3d century), however, states that he was martyred in India.的行為托馬斯（三維世紀） ，但指出，他是犧牲在印度。 The Malabar Christians claim that their church was founded by him.基督徒的馬拉巴聲稱，他們的教堂是由他。 This tradition can neither be substantiated nor denied on the basis of current evidence.這種傳統既不能得到證實，也不否認，根據目前的證據。 Saint Thomas' Mount in Madras is the traditional site of his martyrdom.聖托馬斯'山在馬德拉斯是傳統的網站，他殉難。 Feast day: July 3 (Western and Syrian); Oct. 6 (Eastern).盛宴一天： 7月3日（西方和敘利亞） ; 10月6日（東部時間） 。
Douglas Ezell道格拉斯Ezell
Bibliography:
參考書目：
Griffith, Leonard, Gospel Characters
(1976); Perumalil, Hormice C., and Hambye, ER, eds., Christianity in India
(1973).格里菲斯，倫納德，福音特徵（ 1976年） ; Perumalil ， Hormice角，並Hambye ，雌，合編。
，基督教在印度（ 1973年） 。
Thomas, twin, one of the twelve (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18, etc.).托馬斯，雙胞胎，其中一名12 （瑪特泰10時03 ;馬克3點18分，等等） 。 He was also called Didymus (John 11:16; 20:24), which is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew name.他還呼籲Didymus （約11:16 ; 20:24 ） ，這是希臘相當於希伯來文的名字。 All we know regarding him is recorded in the fourth Gospel (John 11:15, 16; 14:4, 5; 20:24, 25, 26-29).我們都知道關於他的記錄是在第四福音（約翰11:15 ， 16 ; 14點04分， 5個; 20:24 ， 25日， 26日至29日） 。 From the circumstance that in the lists of the apostles he is always mentioned along with Matthew, who was the son of Alphaeus (Mark 3:18), and that these two are always followed by James, who was also the son of Alphaeus, it has been supposed that these three, Matthew, Thomas, and James, were brothers.從這種情況下，在列出的使徒，他始終是提到連同馬修，誰是兒子Alphaeus （馬克3點18分） ，以及這兩個總是其次是詹姆斯，誰也Alphaeus的兒子，這一直以為這三個，馬修，托馬斯，詹姆斯，是兄弟。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
Thaddeus, breast, the name of one of the apostles (Mark 3:18), called "Lebbaeus" in Matt.撒迪厄斯，乳腺癌的名字之一，使徒（馬克3時18分） ，所謂的“ Lebbaeus ”的馬特。 10:3, and in Luke 6: 16, "Judas the brother of James;" while John (14:22), probably referring to the same person, speaks of "Judas, not Iscariot." 10點03 ，在盧克6 ： 16 ， “猶大的兄弟詹姆斯; ”而約翰（ 14:22 ） ，大概指的是同一個人，說的是“猶大，而不是加略人。 ” These different names all designate the same person, viz., Jude or Judas, the author of the epistle. (Easton Illustrated Dictionary)這些不同的名字都指定同一人，即。 ，裘德或猶大，作者的書信。 （伊斯頓畫報詞典）
He may have been the same person as Saint Thaddeus.他可能已被同一人聖撒迪厄斯。
2. Andrew preached to the Scythians and Thracians, and was crucified, suspended on an olive tree, at Patrae, a town of Achaia; and there too he was buried. 2 。 安德魯鼓吹的Scythians和色雷斯，並釘在十字架上，暫停了橄欖樹，在Patrae ，一個鎮的亞該亞和他也有被埋葬。
3. John , again, in Asia, was banished by Domitian the king to the isle of Patmos, in which also he wrote his Gospel and saw the apocalyptic vision; and in Trajan s time he fell asleep at Ephesus, where his remains were sought for, but could not be found. 3 。 約翰，再次，在亞洲，被放逐的多米田國王島上的帕特摩斯，其中還他寫他的福音，看到世界末日的遠景;並在圖拉的時候，他睡著了以弗所，在那裡，他的遺骨被要求為，但無法找到。
4. James , his brother, when preaching in Judea, was cut off with the sword by Herod the tetrarch, and was buried there. 4 。 詹姆斯，他的弟弟時，鼓吹在朱迪亞，被切斷與劍的希律tetrarch ，並埋葬在這裡。
5. Philip preached in Phrygia, and was crucified in Hierapolis with his head downward in the time of Domitian, and was buried there. 5 。 菲利普在Phrygia鼓吹，並在希拉波利斯釘在十字架上與他的頭向下的時候多米田，並埋葬在這裡。
6. Bartholomew , again, preached to the Indians, to whom he also gave the Gospel according to Matthew, and was crucified with his head downward, and was buried in Allanum, a town of the great Armenia. 6 。 巴塞洛繆 ，再次鼓吹的印度人，對他也給馬太福音，並與他在十字架頭向下，並被埋在Allanum鎮大亞美尼亞。
7. 7 。 And Matthew wrote the Gospel in the Hebrew tongue, and published it at Jerusalem, and fell asleep at Hierees, a town of Parthia. 和馬修寫了福音在希伯來文母語，並公佈它在耶路撒冷，並在睡著Hierees ，一個鎮的安息。
8. 8 。 And Thomas preached to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, Hyrcanians, Bactrians, and Margians, and was thrust through in the four members of his body with a pine spears at Calamene, the city of India, anti was buried there. 和托馬斯鼓吹的Parthians ，米底王國，波斯人， Hyrcanians ， Bactrians ，並Margians ，並通過主旨的四個成員他的身體與松樹在Calamene矛，市的印度，反被埋葬在這裡。
9. 9 。 And James the son of Alphaeus , when preaching in Jerusalem. 和詹姆斯的兒子Alphaeus時，鼓吹在耶路撒冷。 was stoned to death by the Jews, and was buried there beside the temple.被人用石頭打死的猶太人，並被埋在那裡的寺廟旁。
10. Jude , who is also called Lebbaeus , preached. 10 。 裘德 ，誰也稱為Lebbaeus ，鼓吹。 to the people of Edessa, and to all Mesopotamia, and fell asleep at Berytus, and was buried there.人民埃德薩，和所有的美索不達米亞，並睡著了在貝來圖斯，並埋葬在這裡。
11. Simon the Zealot , the son of Clopas, who is also called Jude, became bishop of Jerusalem after James the Just, and fell asleep and was buried there at the age of 120 years. 11 。 西蒙狂熱的兒子， Clopas ，誰也叫洛，成為耶路撒冷主教後，詹姆斯的公正，睡著了，並被埋在那裡的年齡為120歲。
12. 12 。 And Matthias , who was one of the seventy, was numbered along with the eleven apostles, and preached in Jerusalem, and fell asleep and was buried there.和薩默爾 ，誰是一個七十，是有一起11使徒，並鼓吹在耶路撒冷，睡著了，並埋葬在這裡。
13. 13 。 And Paul entered into the apostleship a year after the assumption of Christ; and beginning at Jerusalem, he advanced as far as Illyricum, and Italy, and Spain, preaching the Gospel for five-and-thirty years. 和保羅進入apostleship一年後擔任基督; ，並開始在耶路撒冷，他先進盡可能伊利裡庫姆，和意大利，西班牙，宣揚福音五年和30年。 And in the time of Nero he was beheaded at Rome, and was buried there.在時間的尼祿被斬首，他在羅馬，並埋葬在這裡。
Apostle (Greek ἀπόστολοσ, from ἀποστήλλειν, "to send"), a person delegated for a certain purpose; the same as sheliaḦ or sheluaḦ in Hebrew, one invested with representative power.使徒（希臘ἀπόστολοσ ，來自ἀποστήλλειν ， “送” ） ，授予一個人的某種目的;一樣sheliaḦ或sheluaḦ希伯來文，一個有代表性的投資力量。 "Apostoloi" was the official name given to the men sent by the rulers of Jerusalem to collect the half-shekel tax for the Temple, the tax itself being called "apostolé." “ Apostoloi ”的正式名稱給男子發出了耶路撒冷的統治者收集半謝克爾對稅務寺，稅收本身被稱為“ apostolé 。 ” See Theod.見Theod 。 Reinach, "Textes Grecs et Romains, etc.," 1895, p.萊納赫， “文本Grecs與羅馬人，等等， ” 1895年，頁 208, and also Grätz, "Gesch. der Juden," iv. 208 ，也格拉茨， “ Gesch 。德國猶太人， ”四。 476, note 21, where Eusebius is quoted as saying: "It is even yet a custom among the Jews to call those who carry about circular letters from their rulers by the name of apostles"; Epiphanius, "Hæreses," i. 476 ，說明21日，在優西比烏是對媒體表示： “它甚至還沒有一個自定義的猶太人呼籲那些對誰進行通函從他們的統治者的名字叫使徒” ;埃皮法尼烏斯， “ Hæreses ， ”島 128: "The so-called apostoloi are next in rank to the patriarchs, with whom they sit in the Sanhedrin, deciding questions of the Law with them." 128 ： “所謂apostoloi是下一個級別的始祖，同他們坐在公會，決定問題的法律與他們。 ” The emperor Honorius, in his edict of 399, mentions "the archisynagogues, the elders and those whom the Jews call apostoloi, who are sent forth by the patriarch at a certain season of the year to collect silver and gold from the various synagogues" ("Cod. Theodos." xvi. 8, 14, 29. Compare Mommsen, "Corpus Inscr. Lat." ix. 648. See Apostolé).皇帝挪留在他的399法令，提到了“的archisynagogues ，老年人和那些人的猶太人呼籲apostoloi ，誰來回發送的家長在某一個賽季的一年，收集金，銀從各猶太教堂” （ “鱈魚。 Theodos 。 ”十六。 8日， 14日， 29日。比較蒙森， “語料庫Inscr 。叻。 ”九。 648 。見Apostolé ） 。
Grätz, looking for parallels in Talmudical literature, refers to Tosef., Sanh.格拉茨，尋找平行Talmudical文學，是指Tosef 。 ， Sanh 。 ii.二。 6; Bab. 6 ;巴布。 11b, wherein it is stated that the regulation of the calendar or the intercalation of the month, the exclusive privilege of the patriarch, was delegated by him only to representative men such as R. Akiba and R. Meïr, to act for him in various Jewish districts. 11B款，其中指出，條例的日曆或插的一個月，獨有特權的家長，授予他不僅代表男性，如河秋葉忠利和R.果，以他的行為在各個猶太區。 (Compare also RH 25a and elsewhere.) Such delegates in ancient times were also appointed by the communal authority, sheluḦe bet din (delegates of the court of justice), to superintend the produce of the seventh year of release, so that no owner of fruit, fig, and olive trees, or of vineyards, should keep more than was needful for his immediate use-for three meals; the rest was to be brought to the city storehouse for common distribution every Friday (Tosef., Sheb. viii.). （對比也相對濕度25A和其他地方。 ）此類的代表自古以來還任命了由社區權力， sheluḦe打賭喧囂（代表法院的司法） ，以監督生產的第七個年頭的釋放，這樣就沒有老闆水果，無花果，和橄欖樹，或葡萄園，應保持多是必要的，他立即使用為一日三餐，其餘的是被帶到城市的倉庫，共同分配逢星期五（ Tosef. ，帥。八。 ） 。 The name "delegate of the community" ("sheliaḦ ẓibbur"), given to him who offers the prayers on behalf of the congregation (Ber. v. 5), rests on the principle of representation as it is expressed in the Mekilta on Exodus, xii.命名為“代表的社會” （ “ sheliaḦ ẓibbur ” ） ，考慮到他誰提供了祈禱代表聚集（ Ber.訴5人） ，在於原則的代表性，因為它主要體現在對出Mekilta ，十二。 6: "The whole assembly of Israel shall slaughter it." How can a whole congregation do the slaughtering? 6 ： “整個組裝以色列應宰殺它。 ”怎麼整個教會做屠宰？ "Through the delegate who represents it."他說： “透過代表誰代表它。 ” Accordingly, the elders of the Sanhedrin of Jerusalem addressed the high priest "sheluḦenu usheluaḦ bet din" (our delegate and the delegate of the tribunal) (Yoma 18b). (The "angels of the churches," Rev. ii. 1, 12, 18; iii. 1, 7, 14, are probably also the "delegates of the churches," not angels, as is the general opinion.) Other delegates-"sheluḦim"-are mentioned in the Talmud: "Those sent forth to accomplish philanthropic tasks ["sheluḦe miẓwah"] need fear no disaster on the road" (Pes. 8b). "Those delegated to collect charity ["gabbae ẓedakah"] were always appointed in pairs, and not allowed to separate in order to avoid suspicion" (BB 8b).因此，長老公會討論耶路撒冷的大祭司“ sheluḦenu usheluaḦ打賭喧囂” （我們的代表和代表的仲裁庭） （山脈18B條） 。 （以下簡稱“天使的教會”牧師二。 1 ， 12 ， 18 ;三。 1日， 7日， 14日，很可能也是“代表的教堂” ，而不是天使，這是一般的看法。 ）其他代表， “ sheluḦim ”中提到的塔木德： “那些被提出來完成慈善任務[ “ sheluḦe miẓwah ” ]需要害怕任何災難的道路上“ （ Pes. 8B條） 。 ”下放給這些收集慈善[ “ gabbae ẓedakah ” ]總是對任命的，並不得單獨以避免懷疑“ （體8B條） 。 As a rule two prominent men are spoken of as being engaged together in such benevolences as ransoming captives, and similar acts of charity (Abot R. Nathan [A], viii.; Lev. R. v. Compare the "Ḥaburot" of Jerusalem, Tosef., Megillah, iv. 15).作為一項規則兩個突出的男子談到作為從事這種共同benevolences作為ransoming俘虜，和類似行為的慈善機構（ Abot河彌敦道[ A ]條，第八條。 ;列夫。 R.訴比較“ Ḥaburot ”耶路撒冷， Tosef 。 ， Megillah ，四。 15 ） 。 Ḥama bar Adda was called "sheliaḦ Zion" (delegate of Zion), as being regularly sent by the authorities of Babylonia to Palestine charged with official matters (Beẓah 25b; Rashi and 'Aruk).哈馬酒吧住宅區被稱為“ sheliaḦ錫安” （錫安代表） ，作為定期向當局東風巴勒斯坦官員被控事項（ Beẓah 25B條; Rashi和' Aruk ） 。
The apostles, known as such from the New Testament, are declared to have derived name and authority from Jesus, who sent them forth as his witnesses (see Luke, vi. 13; Herzog and Hastings, sv "Apostles").使徒，這種被稱為從新約全書，現宣布獲得了名稱和權力從耶穌，誰把他們送到了他的證人（見盧克，六。 13 ;赫爾佐格和黑斯廷斯，希沃特“門徒” ） 。 But they were also originally delegated by the holy spirit and by the laying on of hands (Acts xiii. 3) to do charity work for the community (see II Cor. viii. 23).但是，他們也由最初授予的神聖的精神和所奠定的手（使徒十三。 3 ）做慈善工作的社會（見二肺心病。八。 23 ） 。 "At the feet of the apostles" were laid the contributions of the early Christians to their common treasury, exactly as was done in the year of release in every city (Tos. Shebiit, viii. 1) and in every Essene community (Josephus, "BJ" ii. 8, § 3). “在腳下使徒”被解僱的貢獻早期基督教徒的共同國庫，正是這樣做的一年釋放的每一個城市（ Tos. Shebiit ，八。 1 ）和厄色尼在每個社區（約瑟夫， “北京”二。 8日，第3條） 。 "Two and two" the apostles were enjoined to travel (Mark vi. 7; Luke x. 2), exactly as was the rule among the charity-workers (BB 8b), and exactly as the Essene delegates are described as traveling, carrying neither money nor change of shoes with them (Josephus, "BJ" ii. 3, § 4; comp. Matt. x. 9, 10; Luke ix. 3, x. 4, xxii. 35; bemaḳḳel we-tarmil, Yeb. 122a). “兩個和兩個”使徒被責成旅行（馬克六。 7 ;盧克十2 ） ，是完全一樣的規則之間的慈善工作者（白殭菌8B條） ，並完全按照代表的厄色尼被描述為旅行，載沒有錢，也沒有改變的鞋與他們（約瑟夫， “北京”二。 3 ，第4 ;補償。馬特。十，九，十;盧克九。 3 ，十4 ， 22 。 35 ; bemaḳḳel我們， tarmil ， Yeb 。 122a ） 。 Thus Paul always traveled in the company of either Barnabas or Silas (Acts xi. 30; xii. 25; xv. 25, 30), and was entrusted with the charitable gifts collected for the brethren in Jerusalem (see also I Cor. xvi. 1; II Cor. viii. 4, ix. 5; Rom. xv. 25; Gal. ii. 10); while Barnabas traveled also with Mark (Acts xv. 39, 40).因此，保羅總是前往該公司的任何巴拿巴或西拉斯（法喜。 30 ;十二。 25 ;十五。 25日， 30日） ，並受委託的慈善禮物收集的兄弟在耶路撒冷（見我也心病。十六。 1 ;二肺心病。八。 4 ，九。 5 ;光盤。十五。 25 ;半乳糖。二。 10 ） ; ，同時也前往巴拿巴與馬克（使徒十五。 39 ， 40 ） 。 Paul even mentions as "noted apostles who joined the Church of Christ before him his kinsmen and fellow-prisoners, Andronicus and Junia" (Rom. xvi. 7), persons otherwise unknown to us, but who in all likelihood had received no other mission or Apostleship than that of working in the field of philanthropy among the Jewish community of Rome.保羅甚至提到作為“指出使徒誰加入了基督教會之前，他的麵團和同胞囚犯，尼克斯和Junia ” （羅馬書十六。 7人） ，另有不明的人向我們，但誰在所有的可能性還沒有收到任何其他任務或Apostleship比在外地工作的慈善機構之間的猶太社區的羅馬。
The meaning of the term "Apostle," still used in its old sense (Phil. ii. 25) of "Epaphroditus, your apostle [delegate] who ministers to my wants," was, however, already changed in the Christian Church during Paul's time.一詞的含義“使徒” ，仍使用舊意識（ Phil.二。 25日）的“ Epaphroditus ，您的倡導者[代表]誰部長我想， ”不過，已經改變了的基督教教會在保羅的時間。 It became the specific term for the one sent forth "to preach the kingdom of God" either to the Jews, or, as Paul and his disciples, to the heathen world (Mark iii. 14, vi. 7; Luke vi. 13; Rom. xi. 13).它成為具體的任期為一發出了“宣揚上帝的王國”無論是猶太人，或保羅和他的弟子，對異教徒的世界（馬克三。 14日，六。 7 ;盧克六。 13 ;光碟。喜。 13 ） 。 "The gospel of the circumcision gave Peter the chief-apostleship of the Jews, the gospel of the uncircumcision gave Paul the apostleship of the Gentiles," according to Gal. “的福音割禮給彼得的首席， apostleship的猶太人的福音uncircumcision了保羅apostleship的外邦人， ”根據加爾。 ii.二。 7, 8; and so Paul calls himself an Apostle not of men but of Jesus Christ (Gal. i. 1). 7日， 8日;和保羅自稱為使徒沒有一個男人，但耶穌基督（ Gal.島1 ） 。 So the term "apostles of Christ" became a standing designation (I Thess. ii. 6), and it was confined to those who "saw Christ" (I Cor. ix. 1). Finally, the number twelve, corresponding with the twelve tribes of Israel, was fixed in the Gospel records (Matt. x. 2; Mark iii. 14; Luke ix. 1; Acts i. 25) in opposition to the apostles of the heathen, who rose in number from one, in the case of Paul, to seventy (Luke x. 1).因此，長期“基督使徒”成為一個常設指定（我洛尼基。二。 6 ） ，並僅限於那些誰“看到基督” （我肺心病。九。 1 ） 。最後， 12個號碼，相應的十二個部族，以色列是固定的福音記錄（瑪特泰十2 ;馬克三。 14 ;盧克九。 1 ;行為島25 ）反對使徒的異教徒，誰上升，從一數，在如保羅，至第七十二（路十1 ） 。 Even the act of preaching the good tidings concerning the coming Messiah on the part of the wandering delegates of the community (Luke iv. 18; because of which Jesus himself is once called the Apostle [Heb. iii. 1]) was not without precedent in Jewish life, as may be learned from the prayer for good tidings recited every newmoon ("Seder Rab Amram," 33, Warsaw, 1865; compare RH 25a and Targ. Yer. to Gen. xlix. 21).即使行為的宣揚好消息的關於未來的彌賽亞的部分代表遊蕩的社區（路四。 18 ;因為耶穌本人是一度被稱為使徒[河北。三。 1 ] ）並非沒有先例在猶太人的生活，可學到的祈禱好消息背誦每newmoon （ “ Seder饒阿姆拉姆” ， 33歲，華沙， 1865年;比較相對濕度25A和Targ 。層。 xlix到將軍。 21 ） 。
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