Maliki
(Sunni)
Malikiyyah School, Maliki, Malikis, al-Muwatta, Muwatta
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Malik ibn-Arias, Malik ibn Anas (d. 796)
Doctrines
Malikiyyah is the second
of the Islamic schools of jurisprudence. The sources of Maliki doctrine
are the Qur'an, the Prophet's traditions (hadith), consensus (ijma'), and
analogy (qiyas). The Malikis' concept of ijma' differed from that of the
Hanafis in that they understood it to mean the consensus of the community
represented by the people of Medina. (Over time, however, the school came
to understand consensus to be that of the doctors of law, known as
'ulama.)
Imam Malik's major contribution to Islamic law is his book al-Muwatta
(The Beaten Path). The Muwatta is a code of law based on the legal
practices that were operating in Medina. It covers various areas ranging
from prescribed rituals of prayer and fasting to the correct conduct of
business relations. The legal code is supported by some 2,000 traditions
attributed to the Prophet.
History
Malikiyyah was founded by
Malik ibn Anas (c.713-c.795), a legal expert in the city of Medina. Such
was his stature that it is said three 'Abbasid caliphs visited him while
they were on Pilgrimage to Medina. The second 'Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur
(d.775), approached the Medinan jurist with the proposal to establish a
judicial system that would unite the different judicial methods that were
operating at that time throughout the Islamic world.
The school spread westwards through Malik's disciples, becoming
dominant in North Africa and Spain. In North Africa Malikiyyah gave rise
to an important Sufi order, Shadhiliyyah, which was founded by Abu
al-Hasan, a jurist in the Malikite school, in Tunisia in the thirteenth
century.
During the Ottoman period Hanafite Turks were given the most
important judicial in the Ottoman empire. North Africa, however, remained
faithful to its Malikite heritage. Such was the strength of the local
tradition that qadis (judges) from both the Hanafite and Malikite
traditions worked with the local ruler. Following the fall of the Ottoman
empire, Malikiyyah regained its position of ascendancy in the region.
Today Malikite doctrine and practice remains widespread throughout North
Africa, the Sudan and regions of West and Central Africa.
Symbols
As a school of law Malikiyyah has no symbols.
Adherents
There are no figures indicating the size of the school.
Headquarters / Main Centre
The school has no headquarters or main centre.
Bülent Şenay
Overview of World Religions Project
Malikiyyah, Maliki, Malikis
Shi'a Information
Malik (715-795) worked on the assumption that the ways of the elders
of Medina (the Companions of the Prophet and their descendants)
should be uncorrupted either by the new converts or tribal ways, or
by the influence of the subsequently developed garrison towns. The
practice of Medina was the way of Muhammad and from this an
idealized model of Medina emerged.
Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri
THE ELEMENTS OF ISLAM, Chapter 4
Maliki
Advanced Information
Unfortunately, we are not aware of any scholarly texts on this
subject which have yet been translated into English. We know
that a number of Arabic scholars have written wonderful texts
in Arabic, and look for the day when we will be able to add
higher quality texts to this presentation.
Also, see:
Islam, Muhammad
Koran, Qur'an
Pillars of Faith
Abraham
Testament of Abraham
Allah
Hadiths
Revelation - Hadiths from Book 1 of al-Bukhari
Belief - Hadiths from Book 2 of al-Bukhari
Knowledge - Hadiths from Book 3 of al-Bukhari
Times of the Prayers - Hadiths from Book 10 of al-Bukhari
Shortening the Prayers (At-Taqseer) - Hadiths from Book 20 of al-Bukhari
Pilgrimmage (Hajj) - Hadiths from Book 26 of al-Bukhari
Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihad) - Hadiths of Book 52 of al-Bukhari
ONENESS, UNIQUENESS OF ALLAH (TAWHEED) - Hadiths of Book 93 of al-Bukhari
Hanafiyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Malikiyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Shafi'iyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Hanbaliyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Maturidiyyah Theology (Sunni)
Ash'ariyyah Theology (Sunni)
Mutazilah Theology
Ja'fari Theology (Shia)
Nusayriyyah Theology (Shia)
Zaydiyyah Theology (Shia)
Kharijiyyah
Imams (Shia)
Druze
Qarmatiyyah (Shia)
Ahmadi
Ishmael, Ismail
Early Islamic History Outline
Hegira
Averroes
Avicenna
Machpela
Kaaba, Black Stone
Ramadan
Sunnites, Sunni
Shiites, Shia
Mecca
Medina
Sahih, al-Bukhari
Sufism
Wahhabism
Abu Bakr
Abbasids
Ayyubids
Umayyads
Fatima
Fatimids (Shia)
Ismailis (Shia)
Mamelukes
Saladin
Seljuks
Aisha
Ali
Lilith
Islamic Calendar
Interactive Muslim Calendar
The individual articles presented here were generally first published
in the early 1980s. This subject presentation was first placed
on the Internet in December 1997.
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