Shafi
(Sunni)
Shafi, Shafi'iyyah School, Shafi'i
Advanced Information
al-Shafi (d. 820)
Doctrines
Shafi'iyyah was the
third school of Islamic jurisprudence. According to the Shafi'i school
the paramount sources of legal authority are the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Of less authority are the Ijma' of the community and thought of scholars
(Ijitihad) exercised through qiyas. The scholar must interpret the
ambiguous passages of the Qur'an according to the consensus of the
Muslims, and if there is no consensus, according to qiyas.
History
The Shafi'iyyah school of
Islamic law was named after Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (767-819). He
belonged originally to the school of Medina and was also a pupil of Malik
ibn Anas (d.795), the founder of Malikiyyah. However, he came to believe
in the overriding authority of the traditions from the Prophet and
identified them with the Sunnah.
Baghdad and Cairo were the chief centres of the Shafi'iyyah. From
these two cities Shafi'i teaching spread into various parts of the Islamic
world. In the tenth century Mecca and Medina came to be regarded as the
school's chief centres outside of Egypt. In the centuries preceding the
emergence of the Ottoman empire the Shafi'is had acquired supremacy in the
central lands of Islam. It was only under the Ottoman sultans at the
beginning of the sixteenth century that the Shafi'i were replaced by the
Hanafites, who were given judicial authority in Constantinople, while
Central Asia passed to the Shi'a as a result of the rise of the Safawids
in 1501. In spite of these developments, the people in Egypt, Syria and
the Hidjaz continued to follow the Shafi'i madhhab. Today it remains
predominant in Southern Arabia, Bahrain, the Malay Archipelago, East
Africa and several parts of Central Asia.
Symbols
The school has no symbol system.
Adherents
There are no figures for
the number of followers of the school. It has some adherents in the
following countries: Jordan, Palestine, Syria, the Lebanon and Yemen. It
has a large following in the following countries: Egypt, Indonesia, the
Philippines, Brunei, Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and
among the Kurdish people.
Headquarters / Main Centre
The school does not have a headquarters or main centre.
Bülent Şenay
Overview of World Religions Project
Shafi'iyyah
Shi'a Information
it was Al-Shafi`i (767-820) who brought greater clarity to the
different bases for legal decisions. He regarded of paramount
importance all the general principles as well as the specific
commandments in the Qur`an. Equally important were the prophetic
practices recorded in the Hadith, which he regarded as more
important than the cumulative practices of the communities. For him
the way of the Prophet was the manifestation of God's will, amply
confirming or elaborating on the Qur`anic injunctions. The words and
deeds of the Prophet drew out the implications and provisions of the
Qur`an, and thus the Sunnah complemented the Qur`an.
Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri
THE ELEMENTS OF ISLAM, Chapter 4
Shafi
Advanced Information
Unfortunately, we are not aware of any scholarly texts on this
subject which have yet been translated into English. We know
that a number of Arabic scholars have written wonderful texts
in Arabic, and look for the day when we will be able to add
higher quality texts to this presentation.
Also, see:
Islam, Muhammad
Koran, Qur'an
Pillars of Faith
Abraham
Testament of Abraham
Allah
Hadiths
Revelation - Hadiths from Book 1 of al-Bukhari
Belief - Hadiths from Book 2 of al-Bukhari
Knowledge - Hadiths from Book 3 of al-Bukhari
Times of the Prayers - Hadiths from Book 10 of al-Bukhari
Shortening the Prayers (At-Taqseer) - Hadiths from Book 20 of al-Bukhari
Pilgrimmage (Hajj) - Hadiths from Book 26 of al-Bukhari
Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihad) - Hadiths of Book 52 of al-Bukhari
ONENESS, UNIQUENESS OF ALLAH (TAWHEED) - Hadiths of Book 93 of al-Bukhari
Hanafiyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Malikiyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Shafi'iyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Hanbaliyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Maturidiyyah Theology (Sunni)
Ash'ariyyah Theology (Sunni)
Mutazilah Theology
Ja'fari Theology (Shia)
Nusayriyyah Theology (Shia)
Zaydiyyah Theology (Shia)
Kharijiyyah
Imams (Shia)
Druze
Qarmatiyyah (Shia)
Ahmadi
Ishmael, Ismail
Early Islamic History Outline
Hegira
Averroes
Avicenna
Machpela
Kaaba, Black Stone
Ramadan
Sunnites, Sunni
Shiites, Shia
Mecca
Medina
Sahih, al-Bukhari
Sufism
Wahhabism
Abu Bakr
Abbasids
Ayyubids
Umayyads
Fatima
Fatimids (Shia)
Ismailis (Shia)
Mamelukes
Saladin
Seljuks
Aisha
Ali
Lilith
Islamic Calendar
Interactive Muslim Calendar
The individual articles presented here were generally first published
in the early 1980s. This subject presentation was first placed
on the Internet in December 1997.
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